Unit 4: Looping

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering loop types, iteration concepts, and control statements in C++ programming.

Loop

A control structure in programming that allows a program to repeat a set of instructions repeatedly until a specific condition is satisfied.

Repetition (Iteration)

The concept of executing a block of code or a set of instructions multiple times until a specific condition is met or for a predefined number of times.

For Loop

A loop construct used when the number of iterations is known in advance, consisting of three parts inside parentheses: initialization, condition, and update.

Initialization (in For Loop)

The start point in a for loop that sets or declares the initial value of the loop control variable.

Condition (in For Loop)

The end point test in a loop that determines whether the loop continues executing or terminates.

Update (in For Loop)

The step change component in a for loop that modifies the loop variable after each iteration.

While Loop

A loop control structure that executes a block of code as long as a condition remains true, typically used when the number of iterations is not known in advance.

Do-While Loop

A loop structure that evaluates its condition at the end of each cycle, guaranteeing that the code block executes at least once.

Nested Loop

A loop placed inside another loop where the inner loop completes all its iterations before the outer loop moves to the next iteration.

Outer Loop

The enclosing loop in a nested loop structure, which controls major iterations such as rows in grid or pattern structures.

Inner Loop

The enclosed loop in a nested loop structure that runs through all its cycles during each single iteration of the outer loop.

Break Statement

A loop control statement that immediately exits from the loop entirely.

Continue Statement

A loop control statement that skips the current iteration and proceeds directly to the next iteration of the loop.

Break Statement Implementation

A C++ program showing the break statement exiting the loop immediately when $i = 5$.

Continue Statement Implementation

A C++ program showing the continue statement skipping the loop body when $i = 5$ and moving to the next iteration.

2D Matrix Traversal Code

A C++ code example demonstrating nested loops to iterate through rows and columns of a $2 \times 3$ matrix.

Factorial Calculation Loop

A C++ code example using a for loop from $1$ to $n$ to calculate factorial using multiplication accumulation.

Sentinel-Controlled While Loop

A C++ program using a while loop to repeatedly read user input until a sentinel value of $0$ is entered.

Menu-Driven Do-While Loop

A C++ program using a do-while loop to display menu options at least once and continue execution until choice $2$ (Exit) is selected.