bio quizlet 2

virus

infectious agent that can only replicate inside a living cell

cell

smallest most basic unit of life

cell theory

every organism has one or more cells, all cells came from preexisting cells

genome

complete set of genetic information in a cell or organism

what characteristics do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have?

plasma membrane, cytoplasm, dna, ribosomes

what kinds of organisms are prokaryotes?

bacteria

what kinds of organisms are eukaryotes?

plants, animals, fungi, protists

what is unique to eukaryotic cells?

nucleus, organelles

endosymbiotic theory

eukaryotic cells evolved through a process in which a larger prokaryotic cell engulfed prokaryotes that were not digested and eventually developed into other organelles.

plasma membrane

barrier separating a cell from its external environment

phospholipid

molecule with a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail

liposome

sphere formed by phospholipid bilayer

phospholipid bilayer

double layer of phospholipids where the head sticks out and the tail sticks in

receptor protein

site where molecules can bind

transport protein

protein that acts like a gate that allows molecules to move in and out of a cell

selective permeability

some substances can cross the membrane on their own, other need to be aided by transport proteins

passive transport

movement of a substance without energy

active transport

movement of a substance that requires energy

diffusion

movement of a substance from a higher to a lower concentration

simple diffusion

substances can go through the bilayer without a transport protein

osmosis

water moving in and out of cells

facilitated diffusion

diffusion that requires transport proteins

isotonic

levels of liquid outside the cell are the same on the inside

hypertonic

levels of liquid outside the cell are higher than the inside

hypotonic

levels of liquid outside the cell is lower than the inside

vesicle

moves molecules around the cell, transports substances in and out of cells

endocytosis

materials are transported into a cell

receptor mediated endocytosis

cell takes in specific substances using receptors

pinocytosis

cell takes in liquids and dissolved substances

phagocytosis

cell takes in large particles or cells

exocytosis

materials are exported out of a cell

cytoskeleton

the framework of a cell

cell wall

outer layer surrounding plant cells

smooth er

where lipids and hormones are made

rough er

where proteins are assembled

cytoplasm

fluid inside all cells

Golgi apparatus

directs proteins and lipids to their final destinations

lysosome

acts as a trash can in cells

vacuole

stores water in plant cells

mitochondrion

powerhouse of the cell, fuels cellular activities

chloroplast

captures energy form sunlight used for photosynthesis in plant cells

nucleus

control center of the eukaryotic cell

nuclear envelope

boundary of a cell’s nucleus

nuclear pores

opening in the nuclear envelope allowing substances to enter and exit

metabolism

all chemical reactions occurring in living cells

metabolic pathway

produce key biological molecules in a cell

photosynthesis

organisms capture energy from the sun and use it to create sugars from co2 and h2o

cellular respiration

cells break down glucose into usable energy

anabolism

metabolic pathways that create molecules from simple compiunds

catabolism

metabolic pathway the releases energy in the process of breaking down molecules

atp

used to store energy and move it across a cell