CHEM 1.1

Radio waves

Nuclear spin, MRI machine

Microwaves

Rotate, cooking

Infared

vibrate, Night vision

Visible

you see stuff

UV

Valence electrons, Sun burn

X-rays

inner electrons, Xray machine

Gamma

spin nucleus

Debroigle’s Idea

wave-particle duality

V (mu)

Frequencyassociated with electromagnetic waves.

Quantum mechanics

-Electrons do NOT have exact, fixed positions

-Instead, electrons exist in probable locations

-We use probability to describe where an electron is likely to be

shrodlinger Equation

where electrons are likely to be + their energy

Electron cloud model

electrons exist in probable locations rather than exact fixed positions

Aufbaus

Fill lowest energy levels first.

Hund

When electrons fill orbitals of the same energy, they occupy each orbital one at a time before pairing up.

Pauli

no 2 electrons can have the same 4 quantum numbers which means that you can only put 2 electrons of opposite spin on the same orbital

Principle

symbol- n

allowed values-1,2,3,4….

Property- orbitol size an energy level

MOST IMPORTANT Higher n → larger orbital + higher energy

secondary

symbol- l
allowed values- 0 to n-1
Property- shape of the orbital

magnetic

symbol- m_l

allowed values- -l to +l

Property- orientation of the orbital in space

Spin

symbol- s

allowed values- +1/2, -1/2

Property- intrinsic angular momentum of an electron