Adult Health II: Diabetes Insipidus and SIADH

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering pathophysiology, laboratory findings, clinical manifestations, complications, and treatment for Diabetes Insipidus (DI) and SIADH.

Diabetes Insipidus (DI)

A disorder characterized by an impaired ADH effect that causes excessive dilute urine.

Central DI

A form of diabetes insipidus resulting from insufficient ADH production or release.

Nephrogenic DI

A form of diabetes insipidus where the kidneys do not respond adequately to ADH.

Clinical Findings of DI

Polyuria, polydipsia, dilute urine, and possible hypernatremia.

Urine Specific Gravity in DI

A diagnostic indicator that is very low, often below $1.005$.

Central DI Treatment

Therapeutic management consisting of desmopressin and fluid replacement.

SIADH

Syndrome where excess ADH causes water retention and dilutional hyponatremia.

SIADH Neurologic Risks

Serious complications including confusion, seizures, and cerebral edema.

Serum Sodium in SIADH

Hyponatremia, often presenting below $135\,\text{mEq/L}$.

SIADH vs. DI Urine Differentiation

SIADH urine is concentrated, whereas DI urine is dilute.

First-Line SIADH Management

Fluid restriction and treatment of the underlying cause.

Severe Symptomatic SIADH Hyponatremia Treatment

Carefully monitored administration of hypertonic saline.

Osmotic Demyelination

A severe neurological complication risked by the rapid correction of sodium.

Central DI Basic Defect

Insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone.

Nephrogenic DI Basic Defect

Failure of the kidneys to respond to antidiuretic hormone.

DI Urine Pattern

Excretion of large volumes of very dilute urine.

Untreated DI Sodium Pattern

Hypernatremia resulting from free-water loss.

Desmopressin

A prescribed agent commonly used for the treatment of central DI.

DI Treatment Monitoring Parameters

Essential monitoring assessments including urine output, serum sodium, weight, and fluid balance.

SIADH Basic Pathophysiology

Excess water retention due to inappropriate ADH activity.

SIADH Sodium Pattern

Dilutional hyponatremia.

SIADH Urine Characteristic

Inappropriately concentrated urine despite low serum osmolality.

Priority in Severe Symptomatic Hyponatremia

Urgent neurologic assessment and prescribed controlled correction.

Caution in Sodium Correction

Controlled sodium replacement required because overly rapid correction risks osmotic demyelination.

Common SIADH Intervention

Fluid restriction implemented when clinically appropriate.

Indicators of Worsening SIADH

Clinical deterioration marked by seizures, severe confusion, or declining consciousness.