The periodic table
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29 Terms
How did Mendeleev arrange the elements?
He arranged known elements using their properties and properties of their compounds.
Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in his periodic table?
He predicted undiscovered elements would fill the gaps.
What did Mendeleev predict about undiscovered elements?
He predicted their existence and properties.
Why wasn’t Mendeleev’s table always in increasing relative atomic mass?
Isotope abundances meant some elements had unusual relative atomic masses.
What is atomic number in the periodic table?
The number of protons in an atom’s nucleus.
How are modern periodic tables arranged?
Elements are arranged in increasing atomic number.
What is a period?
A horizontal row in the periodic table.
What is a group?
A vertical column in the periodic table.
Why do elements in the same group have similar properties?
They have similar numbers of electrons in their outer shells.
Where are metals found in the periodic table?
Mostly on the left and centre.
Where are non-metals found?
Mostly on the right side.
Why are metals generally good conductors?
They contain delocalised electrons that can move through the structure.
What determines an element’s electron configuration?
Its atomic number.
How are electrons arranged in the first shell?
Up to 2 electrons.
How are electrons arranged in the second shell?
Up to 8 electrons.
How are electrons arranged in the third shell for the first 20 elements?
Up to 8 electrons.
What is the electron configuration of hydrogen?
1
What is the electron configuration of helium?
2
What is the electron configuration of lithium?
2.1
What is the electron configuration of carbon?
2.4
What is the electron configuration of oxygen?
2.6
What is the electron configuration of neon?
2.8
What is the electron configuration of sodium?
2.8.1
What is the electron configuration of magnesium?
2.8.2
What is the electron configuration of chlorine?
2.8.7
What is the electron configuration of argon?
2.8.8
What does the period number tell you?
The number of occupied electron shells.
What does the group number tell you for Groups 1–7?
The number of electrons in the outer shell.
Why is helium in Group 0?
It has a full outer shell and is chemically unreactive.