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Passive transport
does not require an input of energy, substances diffuse across membrane in absense of an outside energy source
active transport
requires energy to move substances across the membrane
solute
small molecules and ions in solution-in constant,random
diffusion
(passive transport) spontaneous movement of molecule and ions-increase entropy, equilibrium means molecules moving randomly
concentration gradient
created by difference in solute concentration,
net movement
from high-concentration regions to low-concentration regions