Chemistry Reference Tables: Alkanes, Greek Prefixes, Polyatomic Ions, and Metric Prefixes

A complete set of vocabulary flashcards for memorizing alkanes, Greek numerical prefixes, polyatomic ions, and metric prefixes with their formulas, abbreviations, meanings, and conversion factors.

Alkane General Formula

The general molecular formula for alkanes is $\text{C}_n\text{H}_{2n+2}$

Methane

Alkane with the molecular formula $\text{CH}_4$

Ethane

Alkane with the molecular formula $\text{C}_2\text{H}_6$

Propane

Alkane with the molecular formula $\text{C}_3\text{H}_8$

Butane

Alkane with the molecular formula $\text{C}_4\text{H}_{10}$

Pentane

Alkane with the molecular formula $\text{C}_5\text{H}_{12}$

Hexane

Alkane with the molecular formula $\text{C}_6\text{H}_{14}$

Heptane

Alkane with the molecular formula $\text{C}_7\text{H}_{16}$

Octane

Alkane with the molecular formula $\text{C}_8\text{H}_{18}$

Nonane

Alkane with the molecular formula $\text{C}_9\text{H}_{20}$

Decane

Alkane with the molecular formula $\text{C}_{10}\text{H}_{22}$

Mono-

Greek prefix representing the number $1$

Di-

Greek prefix representing the number $2$

Tri-

Greek prefix representing the number $3$

Tetra-

Greek prefix representing the number $4$

Penta-

Greek prefix representing the number $5$

Hexa-

Greek prefix representing the number $6$

Hepta-

Greek prefix representing the number $7$

Octa-

Greek prefix representing the number $8$

Nona-

Greek prefix representing the number $9$

Deca-

Greek prefix representing the number $10$

Hydronium

Polyatomic ion with the formula $\text{H}_3\text{O}^+$

Hydroxide

Polyatomic ion with the formula $\text{OH}^-$

Sulfate

Polyatomic ion with the formula $\text{SO}_4^{2-}$

Nitrite

Polyatomic ion with the formula $\text{NO}_2^-$

Carbonate

Polyatomic ion with the formula $\text{CO}_3^{2-}$

Hypochlorite

Polyatomic ion with the formula $\text{ClO}^-$

Perchlorate

Polyatomic ion with the formula $\text{ClO}_4^-$

Phosphate

Polyatomic ion with the formula $\text{PO}_4^{3-}$

Ammonium

Polyatomic ion with the formula $\text{NH}_4^+$

Acetate

Polyatomic ion with the formula $\text{CH}_3\text{COO}^-$

Hydrogen sulfate

Polyatomic ion with the formula $\text{HSO}_4^-$

Nitrate

Polyatomic ion with the formula $\text{NO}_3^-$

Hydrogen carbonate (or bicarbonate)

Polyatomic ion with the formula $\text{HCO}_3^-$

Chlorite

Polyatomic ion with the formula $\text{ClO}_2^-$

Oxalate

Polyatomic ion with the formula $\text{C}_2\text{O}_4^{2-}$

Hydrogen phosphate

Polyatomic ion with the formula $\text{HPO}_4^{2-}$

Chromate

Polyatomic ion with the formula $\text{CrO}_4^{2-}$

Cyanide

Polyatomic ion with the formula $\text{CN}^-$

Sulfite

Polyatomic ion with the formula $\text{SO}_3^{2-}$

Permanganate

Polyatomic ion with the formula $\text{MnO}_4^-$

Thiosulfate

Polyatomic ion with the formula $\text{S}_2\text{O}_3^{2-}$

Chlorate

Polyatomic ion with the formula $\text{ClO}_3^-$

Dichromate

Polyatomic ion with the formula $\text{Cr}_2\text{O}_7^{2-}$

Dihydrogen Phosphate

Polyatomic ion with the formula $\text{H}_2\text{PO}_4^-$

mega

Metric prefix with abbreviation $\text{M}$, meaning $10^6$ (one million), with sample conversion factor $1\,\text{Mbyte} = 1 \times 10^6\,\text{bytes}$

kilo

Metric prefix with abbreviation $\text{k}$, meaning $10^3$ (one thousand), with sample conversion factor $1\,\text{km} = 1 \times 10^3\,\text{m}$

deci

Metric prefix with abbreviation $\text{d}$, meaning $10^{-1}$ (one tenth), with sample conversion factor $1\,\text{dL} = 0.1\,\text{L}$

centi

Metric prefix with abbreviation $\text{c}$, meaning $10^{-2}$ (one hundredth), with sample conversion factor $1\,\text{cm} = 1 \times 10^{-2}\,\text{m}$

milli

Metric prefix with abbreviation $\text{m}$, meaning $10^{-3}$ (one thousandth), with sample conversion factor $1\,\text{mg} = 1 \times 10^{-3}\,\text{g}$

micro

Metric prefix with abbreviation $\mu$, meaning $10^{-6}$ (one millionth), with sample conversion factor $1\,\mu\text{m} = 1 \times 10^{-6}\,\text{m}$

nano

Metric prefix with abbreviation $\text{n}$, meaning $10^{-9}$ (one billionth), with sample conversion factor $1\,\text{ng} = 1 \times 10^{-9}\,\text{g}$