Psychology States of Consciousness: Psychoactive Drugs & Addiction (Unit 5, Lesson 3)

What are psychoactive drugs?

A chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods.

Define drug tolerance.

The diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring larger doses to achieve the same effect.

What is drug withdrawal?

The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug.

What is physical dependence on drugs?

A physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued.

What is psychological dependence on drugs?

A psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions.

Define drug addiction.

Compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences.

What is a common myth about drug addiction?

Addictive drugs quickly corrupt; for example, morphine taken for pain can lead to heroin abuse.

What is another myth about overcoming addiction?

Addictions cannot be overcome voluntarily; therapy is required.

How can addiction be viewed beyond drug dependence?

Addiction can also cover a spectrum of repetitive, pleasure-seeking behaviors.

What are depressant drugs?

Drugs that calm neural activity and slow body functions, such as alcohol and benzodiazepines.

What effects does alcohol have on the body?

Slows brain activity, lowers inhibitions, disrupts memory formation, and can cause depression and memory loss.

What are the effects of barbiturates?

They mimic alcohol, depress nervous system activities, and can impair memory and judgment.

What are opiates and their effects?

Opium, morphine, and heroin that depress neural activity and temporarily lessen pain and anxiety.

What are stimulant drugs?

Drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions, such as caffeine and cocaine.

What psychological effects are associated with cocaine?

Rush of euphoria, relief from pain, but can lead to cardiovascular stress and a depressive crash.

What is ecstasy classified as?

A stimulant and mild hallucinogen that causes emotional elevation and disinhibition.

What are hallucinogens?

Mind-manifesting drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.

What is LSD?

A powerful hallucinogenic drug that distorts perceptions and can lead to psychological dependence.

What are the effects of marijuana?

Mild hallucinogenic effects including enhanced sensation and relaxation, but can impair learning and memory.

What biological influences affect drug use?

Genetic predispositions and variations in neurotransmitter systems can increase susceptibility to drug dependence.

How does the urban environment influence drug use?

Cultural attitudes toward drug use and peer influence can significantly affect drug use behaviors.