ramsey renaissance terms

Renaissance

The "rebirth" of art, learning, and culture in Europe, especially in Italy, from the 14th to 16th centuries .

Humanism

Renaissance intellectual movement focusing on human potential, classical learning, and secular concerns .

Patrons

Wealthy individuals or institutions that financially support artists, writers, and scholars .

Perspective

Artistic technique creating the illusion of three dimensions on a flat surface .

Vernacular

The everyday language of a region, used in literature and art during the Renaissance .

Utopia

An imaginary, ideal place described by Thomas More in Utopia .

Printing Press

Device for mass-producing books and pamphlets using movable type, invented by Johannes Gutenberg .

Gutenberg Bible

The first printed Bible, produced in the 15th century .

Indulgence

A pardon from the Church that reduces punishment for sins .

Reformation

16th-century religious movement challenging papal authority and leading to new Christian churches .

Lutheranism

Protestant tradition founded by Martin Luther on his teachings

Peace of Augsburg (1555)

Agreement allowing German rulers to choose the religion of their states

Protestant

Member of a church founded on Reformation principles .

Annul

To cancel or end a marriage .

Anglican

Relating to the Church of England, founded by Henry VIII .

Predestination

Doctrine that God has predetermined all events, including who will be saved .

Calvinism

Religious teachings of John Calvin, emphasizing predestination and moral discipline .

Theocracy

Government ruled by religious leaders .

Niccolò Machiavelli

Italian political philosopher, author of The Prince, on seizing and maintaining power

Martin Luther

German monk who initiated the Protestant Reformation with his 95 Theses

Jesuits

Catholic religious order active in education, politics, and missionary work