Thermal

Apparently doesn't come up a lot

Heating is…

energy transfer due to a temperature difference.

Once the two blocks reach the same temperature…

heating doesn't occur anymore.

Two objects are in thermal equilibrium when…

they are at the same temperature.

The two general types of heating are by…

Particles

When we place a hot block on top of a cold block…

the particles of each block collide.

The particles of each block collide and transfer kinetic energy until eventually…

particles in both blocks have the same average kinetic energy.

temperature is…

a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles.

Why is temperature a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles?

When we heat an object, the average kinetic energy of its particles increases and we observe a temperature increase. When an object cools down, the average kinetic energy of its particles decreases and we observe a temperature decrease.

When we heat a beaker of water what happens?

NAME?

The SI unit for temperature is…

The Kelvin

A change in temperature in degrees Celsius is…

the same as the change in kelvin.

Each of the particles that make up matter has…

Kinetic energy

When a system changes from a solid, to a liquid, to a gas, the particles' average Kinetic energy………. and potential energy ……………..

Increases

Between particles there are…

Intermolecular forces

When a system changes from a solid, to a liquid, to a gas ….. of the intermolecular forces are overcome

Some

We define the internal energy of a system as the sum of the ……… ……….. kinetic and potential energies of its particles.

Randomly Distributed

When energy is transferred to a system by heating, its internal energy…

Increases

When energy is transferred from a system by heating, its internal energy…

Decreases

What is Potential Energy

Stored Energy

When energy is transferred by heating to a system, we first observe a temperature rise. During this time kinetic energy………… and potential energy …………..

Increases

When a system undergoes a change of state, the particles' average kinetic energy………… and average potential energy ………..

Stays the same

When work is done on a system, its internal energy can…

increase

When work is done by a system, its internal energy can…

decrease

The change in internal energy is equal to energy transfer due to heating…… the work done on the system.

Plus

Internal energy formula

ΔE = Q + W

The temperature increase of a substance depends on the amount of ………. transferred by heating and the ……….. of the substance.

energy

As the mass of the object increases, there is a ……….. increase in temperature.

smaller

What are the units of specific heat capacity?

J kg⁻¹ K⁻¹

What is the third factor that affects the temperature increase of a substance?

Specific Heat capacity

What is the definition of specific heat capacity?

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of substance by 1K without changing its state.

When two objects are in thermal equilibrium the energy gained by one substance is the ………… as the energy transferred by the other substance

same

When we carry out calculations involving heat, we often assume that ……. energy is transferred to or from the surroundings.

no

The formula for the specific heat capacity of a solid using gravitational potential energy is…

c= g∆h/∆T

Specific heat capacity of a solid when heated with Electrical Energy?

c= IVt/m∆T

Specific latent heat of fusion:

The energy required to change 1 kilogram of a substance from solid to liquid, without changing its temperature.

Specific latent heat of vaporisation:

The energy required to change 1 kilogram of a substance from liquid to gas, without changing its temperature.