Stationary engeneering

What is steam?

Steam is the vapor that forms when water is heated to 212 degrees

What type of container is a boiler?

A boiler is a closed metal container in which water is heated to produce steam or heated water

During what period did steam power have its greatest impact?

The Industrial Revolution of the 18th and early 19th centuries

What is commonly used for heating or process applications?

Steam

What type of applications use steam to produce heat, force, or mechanical action in production?

Process applications

Who is credited with the development of the reciprocating steam engine?

James Watt

At atmospheric pressure, at what temperature does water boil and produce steam?

212

What does a backflow preventer do?

It prevents water from flowing back into the potable water supply.

How does steam leave a boiler and enter the steam header?

It travels through the main steam line, through the stop valve, and into the steam header.

What is steam called after it gives up its heat and turns back into water?

Condensate

How is heat commonly generated in a boiler?

By combustion of a fuel such as gas or fuel oil.

What is an internal furnace?

A furnace inside a boiler that is surrounded by heating surface.

What is feedwater?

Water that has been treated for use in a boiler.

what is the first law of thermodynamics

energy cannot be created or destroyed

what is the second law of thermodynamics

heat flows from From a material at a higher temperature to a material at a lower temperature.

What is latent heat?

Heat identified by a change of state with no temperature change of the substance.

What is conduction?

Heat transfer in which heat passes from molecule to molecule through a material.

how many pounds of air does it take to burn 1 lb of fuel

14-15 lbs

what is specific heat?

The amount of heat required to change 1lb of substance 1 degree

what is BTU

the amount of heat required to change 1 lb of water 1 degree

What do gas laws describe?

The relationships between properties of gases such as pressure, volume, and temperature.

What is perfect combustion?

Combustion in which fuel is burned using only the theoretical amount of air required.

what is sensible heat?

changes in temperature either on a thermometer or by feel

what is complete combustion ?

where all fuel is burned using the minimal amount of air above the theoretical amount of air required to burn the fuel

what is incomplete combustion ?

when all fuel is not burned resulting in soot and smoke

what is primary air

controls the combustion rate and determines the amount of fuel burned

what is secondary air

controls combustions efficiency

what is excess air ?

air supplied above the theoretical amount required to burn the fuel

what is a firetube boiler

a boiler where the heat and gas goes through tubes surrounded by water

what is a watertube boiler

a boiler where water passes through tubes surrounded by gases

what is conduction heat transfer ?

Heat transfer that passes from molecule to molecule

what is convection heat transfer

Heat transfer that circulates between warm and cool regions of fluid

what is combustion

The rapid union of oxygen with an element or compound that results in the release of heat

what is radiation

heat transfer that occurs without a material carrier

what are the 3 natural causes of circulation in a boiler ?

Heat density gravity

what temperature is steam produced

212

what are the 3 ways heat is transferred

conduction convection radiation

what is BHP

the power required to evaporate 34.5lb of water per hour at 212 degrees

what is PSIG

gauge pressure

what is PSIA

Absolute pressure

what does a feedwater system do

supplies the water

what is the purpose of a gas system

supplies and moves the air and combustion gases

describe a scotch marine boiler

horizontal firetube internally fired multiple passes

what is saturated steam

pure steam that corresponds to the boiling point of water at steam pressure

What is heat?

A form of energy identified by a temperature difference or a change in state.

What is atomization?

The process of reducing fuel oil into a fine spray or minute particles.

What are the four systems necessary to operate a boiler?

Feedwater fuel draft steam