emancipation of the serfs

When was the EoS

March 1861

The royal family back to who felt serfdom was ethically wrong

Catherine the great

What did nicohlas call serfdom

‘Evil, palpable and obvious to all’

Who accepted serfdom as demeaning

Some nobles and liberal state officials

Who drew attention to the plight of the serfs

Writers like turgenev

Which growing group opposed serfs

Radical intelligentsia

Who was against moral case and why

Nobles claimed it would be damaging

What did the crimean way draw attention to

The state of the army

What did military reformers think

Russia needed a stronger army with a reserve

How was it possible to improve russias army

Conscript peasants for a shorter sentence before going on reserve

What was the risk involved with the needed military reform

1000s serfs with military training would be freed

Since when had serious peasant revolts occur

1840

What unsettled a2 into emancipation of serfs

Revolutions in 1848 in europe so chose to free them so they dont free themselves

Why was risk of revolt worsened

No army to stop the serfs because the serfs make up army

When was there a spike in disturbances pre eos

1857-59

What did tsar order before the eos and when from

A weekly report on mood of peasants from dec 1857

Evaluation of the ‘risk of revolt’

Some argue peasant unrest has been exaggerated

What did intelligentsia believe about serfdom

It was needed to abolish to advance the economy

Who called serfdom a ‘hindrance’ to the economy and when

Milyutin in 1847

What did adam smith argue about serfdom

Free labour is more productive than forced labour

What could serfs now do

Travel marry vote in local elections and trade freely

What were landowners given

Gov bonds as compensation for loss of land

From when could peasants buy land

1866

Role of kulaks

Bought land from poorer peasants renting land from nobility and hiring labour

What of their land did landowners keep

House and land immediately outside

How much did landowners recieve

Above market value

What land did landowners recieve

The best parts and 2/3rd of the land

If peasants left where did their land go

To the mir

How many estates did army have to restore

300+

How long was the repayment period and when are peasants considered to own land

49 years after last payment

Why were nobles annoyed after eos

Lost power

What did many nobles do

Moved to towns and rented land or lived in cities as absentee land lords

How many disturbances in 1861 and how many peasants did one have

1000+ and one with 10k

What did most peasants have to work as

Hired labour for nobles

From 1862-1905 how much did landholdings fall by

87 million to 50 million desyantiny

What were peasants given

Internal passports

What were gov bonds like

Poor didnt pay off debt meaning landowners couldnt live lavish life

Role of mir

• collect tax/redemption payments

• Got land if peasant left

• Issued internal passports

Criteria of a successful emancipation

• socially beneficial for peasants and landowners

• Increased peace with less chance of revolution

Paragraphs in an essay on eos success

• peasants

• Landowners

• Peace