The Endomembrane System, Golgi Apparatus, and Lysosomes

Vocabulary flashcards covering the components, functions, and processes related to the endomembrane system, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes based on the lecture notes.

Endomembrane system

A system of membranous structures of a cell that provides a means of transporting substances into, out of, and within a cell.

Golgi apparatus

An organelle composed of several flattened membrane sacs (cisternae) that functions to modify, package, and sort proteins and glycoproteins made by the rough ER.

Cisternae

Flattened membrane sacs that make up the structure of each Golgi apparatus.

cis-face

The receiving region of the Golgi apparatus where transport vesicles arriving from the rough ER fuse.

trans-face

The shipping region of the Golgi apparatus where secretory vesicles form and carry modified and newly formed molecules away.

Proteoglycans

Structures formed in the Golgi apparatus by modifying synthesized long, unbranched polysaccharides with small amounts of protein.

Lysosomes

Small, membrane-enclosed spherical sacs formed from the Golgi apparatus that contain digestive enzymes immersed in acidic fluid ($\text{pH } 5$).

Autophagy

The process by which lysosomes digest molecular structures of damaged organelles within a cell.

Autolysis

The rapid digestion of a cell's own molecular components caused by lysosomal enzymes being released into the cytosol when the cell is damaged or dies.