Skeletal, Dental, Heart Disease

When do most rapid changes associated with growth and metabolic activity occur?

3 months - 1 year

When is bone the most susceptible to physical trauma?

During the first 12 months

What is true of growing bone and cartilage?

Less dense, more susceptible to damage

What percent of musculoskeletal disease in dogs under 1 year is influenced by improper nutrition?

90%

Puppies require ____ energy on a per pound basis compared to adults

twice as much

What does it mean if puppies are carrying a significant amount of fat?

They are growing at their max rate, and their caloric intake should be adjusted.

Are the following true or false:

Excess calcium can slow cartilage formation, Young dogs do not have the ability to decrease the absorption of calcium, maintenance diets contain more calcium than growth diets

True

What is true in regards to protein?

Excess does not cause harm or provide benefit to skeletal issues

Lameness was decreased in osteoarthritic patients who were able to lose what % of body weight?

6%

Which of the following are nutritional anti-inflammatories?

Omega 3 fatty acids

Incisor teeth are used for…

Grasping

The carnassial tooth in the dog and cat is a…

Premolar

How many permanent teeth does a cat have?

30

How many permanent teeth does a dog have?

42

How many deciduous teeth does a dog have?

28

When is it first appropriate to offer soft fod to a puppy?

3-4 weeks

Dental disease can also affect which organs?

Heart, Liver, Kidney

For proper dental homecare, how frequently should a pets teeth be brushed?

Daily

What is the purpose of saliva in the cat and dog?

Antimicrobial properties & assist in chewing and swallowing

What is true about microbial dental plaque?

It can be removed manually by brushing

What is the primary component that needs to be controlled in order to properly manage dental health?

Bacterial Plaque

T/F

Malocclusion results in higher incidnece of abrasion

Flase (attrition, not abrasion

Progression of periodontal disease?

Plaque accumulation, inflammation, bacteria grows within sulcus, tissue destruction, tooth loss

What sign of periodontal disease is commonly noticed by owners?

Halitosis

How do dental diets assist in dental hygiene?

Fiber matrix allows the kibbles to ‘scrub’ the teeth

Congenital heart disease effects what % of dogs and cats?

<1%

What is true in regards to taurine?

Deficiency of taurine is still being studied in relation to heart disease in dogs

What is the most important risk factor for heart disease in dogs?

Breed

How is obesity related to heart disease?

Clinical signs for obesity mimic those of heart diease

What nutrient is a major concern with heart disease and fluid retention?

Sodium

Diet changes to help with clinical sings of heart disease?

Eliminating treats (Na levels), switch to filtered water, Rx diet

Which nutrient can be supplemented to help maintain heart muscle function?

Carnitine

Diet that can be fed to a cat with heart diease?

Hills k/d