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Tissue

Group of similar cells working together

Meristematic tissue

Actively dividing cells that produce new growth

Permanent tissue

Mature cells that have specialized functions

Simple tissue

Tissue made of one main cell type

Complex tissue

Tissue made of multiple cell types

Parenchyma

Thin-walled cells used for storage and photosynthesis

Collenchyma

Flexible support for growing plant parts

Sclerenchyma

Thick, rigid walls that provide strong support

Xylem

Transports water and minerals

Phloem

Transports sugars and food

Nucleus

Contains DNA and controls cell activities

Mitochondria

Produce ATP energy through cellular respiration

Ribosomes

Make proteins

Chloroplast

Site of photosynthesis

Cytoplasm

Jelly-like material inside the cell

Vacuole

Stores water and helps maintain cell pressure

Endoplasmic reticulum

Makes and transports proteins or lipids

Rough ER

Has ribosomes attached; helps make proteins

Smooth ER

Makes lipids and helps detoxify substances

Golgi apparatus

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins

Lysosome

Contains enzymes that break down cellular materials

Cell wall

Rigid outer structure that supports and protects plant cells

Prokaryotic cell

Cell without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles

Eukaryotic cell

Cell with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Prokaryotic examples

Bacteria and archaea

Eukaryotic examples

Plants, animals, fungi, and protists

Thylakoid

Flattened membrane sac inside a chloroplast

Thylakoid membrane

Site of light-dependent photosynthesis reactions

Grana

Stacks of thylakoids

Stroma

Fluid in chloroplast where the Calvin cycle occurs

Chlorophyll

Green pigment that absorbs light for photosynthesis

Anthocyanins

Red, purple, or blue water-soluble pigments

Carotenoids

Yellow or orange fat-soluble pigments

Calvin cycle

Uses ATP and NADPH to fix carbon dioxide into sugars

Turgor pressure

Water pressure inside plant cells that helps keep plants firm