Quiz 2: Actions, Innervations, & Arthros

deltoid

Anterior fibers: flex and internally rotate shoulder

Middle fibers: abduction of shoulder

Posterior fibers: extend and externally rotate the shoulder

Axillary

C5, 6

biceps brachii

Flexes the shoulder and elbow

Short head: shoulder adduction

Long head: assist with abduction if humerus is externally rotated

Musculocutaneous 

C5, 6

coracobrachialis

Flexes and adducts the shoulder

Musculocutaneous 

C5, 6

supraspinatus

Abducts and laterally rotates the shoulder

Stabilizes head of humerus in glenoid cavity

Suprascapular 

C4, 5, 6

infraspinatus

Externally rotates the shoulder

Stabilizes head of humerus in glenoid cavity

Suprascapular 

C5, 6

teres minor

Externally rotates the shoulder

Stabilizes head of humerus in glenoid cavity

Axillary

C5, 6

subscapularis

Internally rotates shoulder

Stabilizes head of humerus in glenoid cavity

Upper and lower subscapular

C5, 6, 7

teres major

Internally rotates, adducts, and extends shoulder

Lower subscapular

C5, 6

latissimus dorsi

Origin fixed: internally rotates, adducts, and extends shoulder. Depresses shoulder girdle and assists in lateral flexion of trunk

Insertion fixed: assists in tilting the pelvis both anteriorly and laterally. Bilaterally hyperextend spine and anterior tilt of pelvis. 

Flex spine and may act as an accessory muscle of respiration

Thoracodorsal 

C6, 7, 8

triceps brachii

Extent elbow

Long head: assist in adduction and extension of shoulder

Radial

C6, 7, 6, T1

pectoralis major

Origin fixed: adducts and medially rotates humerus

Insertion fixed: may assist in elevating the thorax (forced inspiration)

Lateral pectoral 

C5, 6, 7, 8, T1

pectoralis minor

Origin fixed: depresses, downwardly rotates, adducts scapula

Insertion fixed: assist in forced inspiration

Medial pectoral, with fibers from a communicating branch of the lateral pectoral

C8, T1

serratus anterior

Origin fixed: abducts and upwardly rotates the scapula, holds medial border of the scapula firmly against rib cage. 

Lower fibers may depress the scapula; upper fibers may elevate slightly

Depress thorax during forced inspiration

Long thoracic 

C5, 6, 7

pronator teres

Pronates forearm and assists in flexion of elbow

Median

C6, 7

pronator quadratus

Pronates forearm

Median

C7, 8, T1

palmaris longus

Tenses palmar fascia

Flexes wrist

May assist in elbow flexion

Median 

C(6), 7, 8, T1

flexor digitorum superficialis

Flex PIP of 2-5 digits. Assist in flexion of MCP joints and wrist

Median

C7, 8, T1

flexor digitorum profundus

Flexes DIP of 2-5 digits. Assist in flexion of PIP and MCP joints and may assist in flexion of wrist

1-2: median 

C7, 8, T1

3-4: ulnar

C7, 8, T1

flexor carpi radialis

Flexes and abducts wrist

May assist in pronation of forearm and elbow flexion

Median 

C6, 7, 8

flexor carpi ulnaris

Flexes and adducts the wrist and may assist in elbow flexion

Ulnar 

C7, 8, T1

brachioradialis

Flexes the elbow
Pronates the forearm

Radial

C5, 6

extensor carpi radialis longus

Extends and abducts wrist.

Assist in elbow flexion

Radial

C5, 6, 7, 8

extensor carpi radialis brevis

Extends and assists in radial deviation of wrist

Radial

C6, 7, 8

extensor digitorum

Extends MCP of digits 2-5

Extends the IPs of 2-5 (with lumbricals and interossei)

Assists in abduction of 2, 4, 5th digits and extension and abduction of wrist

Radial

C6, 7, 8

extensor digit minimi

Extends the MCP joint of 5th digit 

Extends the IPs of 5th digit (with lumbrical and interosseous).

Assist in abduction of 5th digit

Radial

C6, 7, 8

extensor carpi ulnaris

Extends and ulnarly deviates wrist

Radial

C6, 7, 8

supinator

Supinates forearm at radioulnar joint

Deep radial

C5, 6, (7)

extensor indicis

Extends MCP of 2nd digit

Extends IPs of 2nd digit (with lumbrical and interosseous)

Assist in adduction of 2nd digit

Radial

C6, 7, 8

brachialis

Flexes the elbow

Radial

C6, 7, 8

anconeus

Extends elbow 

May stabilize ulna during pronation and supination

Radial

C7, 8

sternoclavicular: elevation

(conVex on conCAVE)

superior roll/inferior glide

COUPLED with posterior rotation: posterior roll & spin

sternoclavicular: depression

(conVEX on conCAVE)

inferior roll/superior glide

COUPLED with anterior rotation: anterior roll & spin

sternoclavicular: protraction

(conCAVE on conVEX)

anterior roll/glide

sternoclavicular: retraction

(conCAVE on conVEX)

posterior roll/glide

acromioclavicular: elevation

(conCAVE on conVEX)

superior roll/glide

acromioclavicular: depression

(conCAVE on conVEX)

inferior roll/glide

acromioclavicular: scapular upward rotation

(conCAVE on conVEX)

superior roll/glide

acromioclavicular: scapular downward rotation

(conCAVE on conVEX)

inferior roll/glide

acromioclavicular: protraction

(conCAVE on conVEX)

anterior roll/glide

acromioclavicular: retraction

(conCAVE on conVEX)

posterior roll/glide

glenohumeral: flexion

(conVEX on conCAVE)

primary: anterior roll/posterior spin

secondary: anterior roll/posterior glide (phase I), superior roll/inferior glide (phase II), posterior roll/anterior glide (phase III)

glenohumeral: extension

(conVEX on conCAVE)

primary: posterior roll/anterior spin

secondary: posterior roll/anterior glide (phase I), superior roll/inferior glide (phase II)

glenohumeral: abduction

(conVEX on conCAVE)

superior roll/inferior glide

glenohumeral: adduction

(conVEX on conCAVE)

inferior roll/superior glide

glenohumeral: internal rotation

when the shoulder is 0 degrees flexed (conVEX on conCAVE): anterior roll/posterior glide

when the shoulder is 90 degrees flexed (SPIN + conVEX on conCAVE): anterior roll/spin (primary), anterior roll/posterior glide (secondary)

glenohumeral: external rotation

when the shoulder is 0 degrees flexed (conVEX on conCAVE): posterior roll/anterior glide

when the shoulder is 90 degrees flexed (SPIN + conVEX on conCAVE): posterior roll/spin (primary), posterior roll/anterior glide (secondary)

humeroulnar: flexion and adduction (coupled)

flexion (conCAVE on conVEX):

anterior roll/glide

adduction (conVEX on conCAVE):

medial roll/lateral glide

humeroulnar: extension and abduction (coupled)

extension (conCAVE on conVEX):

posterior roll/glide

abduction (conVEX on conCAVE):

lateral roll/medial glide

humeroradial: flexion

(conCAVE on conVEX)

anterior roll/glide

humeroradial: extension

(conCAVE on conVEX)

posterior roll/glide

humeroradial: pronation

(conCAVE on conVEX)

anterior roll/spin

humeroradial: supination

(conCAVE on conVEX)

posterior roll/spin

proximal radioulnar: pronation

(conVEX on conCAVE)

anterior roll/posterior glide

proximal radioulnar: supination

(conVEX on conCAVE)

posterior roll/anterior glide

distal radioulnar: pronation

(conCAVE on conVEX)

anterior roll/glide

distal radioulnar: supination

(conCAVE on conVEX)

posterior roll/glide