Operation of hardware components

Laser printer

• has electrically charged drums that are charged by a laser beam that moves back and forth according to the content of the page

• The oppositely charged toner sticks to the drums that are charged.

• The drums then rolls on the electrostatically charged paper to transfer the pattern of the contents.

• The paper then passes through a fuse to seal the image.

• The electric charge on the drums is removed and the excess toners are collected.

3D printer

• Additive manufacturing

• Uses a 3D digital model

• Builds up one layer at a time.

• material is fused together layer by layer.

Microphone

• Has a diaphragm that vibrates when sound is input.

• This cause a coil to move past a magnet.

• Then electrical signal is produced.

Speaker.

• Electric current moves to the speaker.

• Electric current passes through a coil.

• The coil then creates an electromagnetic field.

• This electromagnetic field is repelled or attracted to a permanent magnet.

• The movement of the coil vibrates the diaphragm to create sound waves.

Magnetic Hard Disk

• Has a platter divided into tracks and sectors.

• surface of the disk can be magnetised.

• Data is encoded by magnetic patterns.

Solid State Memory

• has two transistors

• A floating gate - stores voltage

• A control gate - controls movement of charge.

• not possible to overwrite data.

• Faster data access, no moving parts.

Optical Disk Reader

• data is read/write using laser light.

• Data is stored in pits and lands.

• for reading light is reflected.

• For writing laser changes the surface of the disk.

Resistive (touchscreen)

• has two layers.

• When the layers make contact, the circuit is closed.

• processor determines the point of contact.

• Will work when any object touches the screen.

Capacitive (Touchscreen)

• Has multiple layers

• When the top layer is touches, it changes the electric current

• Processor then determines point of contact.

Virtual Headset

• data is sent from the computer to the headset.

• The video is displayed in an OLED screen display.

• There are two lenses between the eyes and the screen.

• Used 60 fps or 120 fps.

• sensors to track hand movements that allow the video on the screen to mimic their movements.

• Use binaural sound so sound in the video comes from all directions.

• Has infrared sensors that monitor eye movement to provide a realistic field of vision.