LESSON 3: TRANSPORT MECHANISM

PHOSPHOLIPID STRUCTURE

TYPE OF FAT THAT MAKES UP THE MAIN STRUCTURE OF THE CELL MEMBRANE.

HYDROPHILIC HEAD AND HYDROPHOBIC TAILS

TWO MAIN PARTS OF PHOSPHOLIPID STRUCTURE

HYDROPHILIC HEAD

ATTRACTED TO WATER; CONTAINS A PHOSPHATE GROUP.

HYDROPHOBIC TAILS

REPELLED BY WATER; MADE OF FATTY ACIDS.

HYDROPHILIC

WATER LOVING

HYDROPHOBIC

SCARED OF WATER

PHOSPHATE GROUP

PART OF THE HEAD

FATTY ACIDS

MAKE UP THE TAILS

TRANSPORT MECHANISM

PROCESSES BY WHICH SUBSTANCES MOVE INTO AND OUT OF A CELL THROUGH THE CELL MEMBRANE.

HEAD

THE _____ OF THE PHOSPHOLIPID IS MADE UP OF GLYCEROL AND A PHOSPHATE GROUP

GLYCEROL AND A PHOSPHATE GROUP

THE HEAD OF THE PHOSPHOLIPID IS MADE UP OF

PHOSPHOLIPID TAILS

TWO FATTY ACIDS

PASSIVE AND ACTIVE TRANSPORT

TWO TYPES OF TRANSPORT MECHANISM

PASSIVE TRANSPORT

SUBSTANCES MOVE FROM AN AREA OF HIGH CONCENTRATION TO LOW CONCENTRATION.

PASSIVE TRANSPORT

THE CELL DOES NOT USE ENERGY (ATP) TO MOVE SUBSTANCES.

SIMPLE DIFFUSION, FACILITATED DIFFUSION, OSMOSIS

THREE TYPES OF PASSIVE TRANSPORT

SIMPLE DIFFUSION

MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES FROM A REGION OF HIGHER CONCENTRATION TO A REGION OF LOWER CONCENTRATION

SIMPLE DIFFUSION

ONE REQUIREMENT FOR ____________ TO OCCUR IS THE PRESENCE OF A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT

SIMPLE DIFFUSION

FOR __________ TO HAPPEN, THERE MUST BE A DIFFERENCE IN CONCENTRATION SO MOLECULES CAN MOVE FROM HIGH CONCENTRATION TO LOW CONCENTRATION.

CONCENTRATION GRADIENT

A DIFFERENCE IN THE AMOUNT OF A SUBSTANCE BETWEEN TWO AREAS.

SIMPLE DIFFUSION

THE CELL MEMBRANE ALLOWS SOME SUBSTANCES TO PASS THROUGH MORE EASILY THAN OTHERS. IT DEPENDS ON THEIR SIZE AND CHARGE.

SMALL MOLECULES

CAN PASS THROUGH THE MEMBRANE MORE EASILY.

LARGE MOLECULES

CANNOT EASILY PASS THROUGH THE MEMBRANE.

FACILITATED DIFFUSION

MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES FROM HIGH TO LOW CONCENTRATION WITH THE HELP OF TRANSPORT PROTEINS IN THE CELL MEMBRANE

EXAMPLE: GLUCOSE MOVING THROUGH CARRIER PROTEINS

OSMOSIS

DIFFUSION OF WATER ACROSS A SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE MEMBRANE. THE MOVEMENT CAN AFFECT CELL SIZE.

OSMOSIS

OCCURS IN RESPONSE TO THE CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTES DISSOLVED IN WATER.

OSMOSIS

MOVEMENT OF WATER ACROSS A SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE MEMBRANE. IT CAN CAUSE A CELL TO BECOME BIGGER OR SMALLER.

OSMOSIS

WATER MOVES ACROSS THE CELL MEMBRANE DEPENDING ON THE AMOUNT OF DISSOLVED SUBSTANCES (SOLUTES) INSIDE AND OUTSIDE THE CELL.

PLASMA MEMBRANE

SEPARATES THE CYTOPLASM FROM THE SURROUNDING MEDIUM.

SOLUTION

A _______ EXISTS WITHIN THE CELL AND ANOTHER OUTSIDE THE CELL.

ISOTONIC, HYPERTONIC, AND HYPOTONIC

USED TO INDICATE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TWO SOLUTIONS.

ISOTONIC SOLUTION

EQUAL SOLUTE CONCENTRATION INSIDE AND OUTSIDE THE CELL.

ISOTONIC SOLUTION

WATER MOVES IN AND OUT EQUALLY.

ISOTONIC SOLUTION

THE CELL STAYS THE SAME SIZE.

ISOTONIC SOLUTION

THE SOLUTE CONCENTRATION INSIDE AND OUTSIDE THE CELL IS EQUAL.

ISOTONIC SOLUTION

WATER STILL MOVES IN AND OUT OF THE CELL.

ISOTONIC SOLUTION

THE AMOUNT OF WATER ENTERING IS EQUAL TO THE AMOUNT LEAVING.

ISOTONIC SOLUTION

THE CELL STAYS THE SAME SIZE.

ISOTONIC SOLUTION

EQUAL CONCENTRATION = WATER MOVES EQUALLY IN AND OUT = NO CHANGE IN CELL SIZE.

HYPERTONIC SOLUTION

THE SOLUTE CONCENTRATION OUTSIDE THE CELL IS HIGHER THAN INSIDE THE CELL.

HYPERTONIC SOLUTION

THERE IS MORE WATER INSIDE THE CELL.

HYPERTONIC SOLUTION

WATER MOVES OUT OF THE CELL TOWARD THE SURROUNDING SOLUTION.

HYPERTONIC SOLUTION

THE CELL LOSES WATER AND SHRINKS.

PLASMOLYSIS

WHEN A PLANT CELL LOSES TOO MUCH WATER, CAUSING ITS CELL MEMBRANE TO PULL AWAY FROM THE CELL WALL.

HYPERTONIC SOLUTION

MORE SOLUTES OUTSIDE = WATER MOVES OUT = CELL SHRINKS.

HYPERTONIC SOLUTION

HIGHER SOLUTE OUTSIDE

HYPERTONIC SOLUTION

HIGHER WATER INSIDE

HYPOTONIC SOLUTION

THE SOLUTE CONCENTRATION OUTSIDE THE CELL IS LOWER THAN INSIDE THE CELL.

HYPOTONIC SOLUTION

THERE IS MORE WATER OUTSIDE THE CELL.

HYPOTONIC SOLUTION

WATER MOVES INTO THE CELL.

HYPOTONIC SOLUTION

THE CELL BECOMES BIGGER AND SWELLS.

HYPOTONIC SOLUTION

ANIMAL CELLS MAY BURST IF TOO MUCH WATER ENTERS.

HYPOTONIC SOLUTION

FEWER SOLUTES OUTSIDE = WATER MOVES IN = CELL SWELLS OR BURSTS.

HYPOTONIC SOLUTION

HIGHER SOLUTE INSIDE

HYPOTONIC SOLUTION

HIGHER WATER OUTSIDE

HYPOTONIC SOLUTION

WATER MOVES IN

CYTOLYSIS

THE BURSTING OF AN ANIMAL CELL DUE TO TOO MUCH WATER ENTERING IT.

CYTOLYSIS

ONLY HAPPENS IN ANIMAL CELL

ISOTONIC SOLUTION

SAME SIZE

HYPERTONIC SOLUTION

SHRINKS

HYPOTONIC SOLUTION

SWELLS

ISOTONIC SOLUTION

EQUAL SOLUTE

ISOTONIC SOLUTION

EQUAL WATER

ISOTONIC SOLUTION

NO NET MOVEMENT (WATER MOVES IN AND OUT OF THE CELL AT THE SAME RATE)

ISOTONIC SOLUTION

NORMAL

FACILITATED DIFFUSION

A TYPE OF PASSIVE TRANSPORT THAT USES TRANSPORT PROTEINS TO HELP SUBSTANCES CROSS THE CELL MEMBRANE.

FACILITATED DIFFUSION

DOES NOT REQUIRE ENERGY (ATP).

FACILITATED DIFFUSION

MOVES SUBSTANCES FROM HIGH CONCENTRATION TO LOW CONCENTRATION.

FACILITATED DIFFUSION

HELPS LARGE OR POLAR MOLECULES, LIKE GLUCOSE, CROSS THE MEMBRANE.

CARRIER AND CHANNEL PROTEINS

TWO TYPES OF TRANSPORT PROTEINS

CARRIER PROTEINS

PICK UP A SUBSTANCE AND CHANGE SHAPE TO CARRY IT ACROSS THE MEMBRANE.

CARRIER PROTEIN

BIND THE SPECIFIC SOLUTE TO BE TRANSPORTED

CARRIER PROTEIN

CAUSE CHANGES IN THE SHAPE OF PROTEIN AS THE MOLECULE IS TRANSPORTED FROM ONE SIDE OF THE MEMBRANE TO THE OTHER SIDE

CHANNEL PROTEINS

FORM TINY OPENINGS OR PATHWAYS THAT ALLOW SUBSTANCES TO PASS THROUGH.

CHANNEL PROTEINS

DO NOT BIND THE SOLUTE BUT FORM PORES OR CHANNELS THAT FUNCTION AS GATES EXTENDING ACROSS THE LIPID BILAYER THROUGH WHICH MOLECULES CAN PASS

FACILITATED DIFFUSION

SUBSTANCES MOVE FROM HIGH TO LOW CONCENTRATION WITH THE HELP OF SPECIAL PROTEINS, WITHOUT USING ENERGY.

FACILITATED DIFFUSION

NEEDS PROTEIN ASSISTANCE, BUT NO ENERGY.

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

THE MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES FROM A REGION OF LOWER CONCENTRATION TO A REGION OF GREATER CONCENTRATION REQUIRES THE EXPENDITURE OF CELLULAR ENERGY.

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

SPECIALIZED MEMBRANE PROVIDES REFERRED TO AS PUMPS ARE INVOLVED IN _______________

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

THE MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES FROM AN AREA OF LOW CONCENTRATION TO HIGH CONCENTRATION, USING CELLULAR ENERGY (ATP).

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

REQUIRES ENERGY (ATP).

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

MOVES SUBSTANCES AGAINST THEIR CONCENTRATION GRADIENT.

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

USES SPECIAL TRANSPORT PROTEINS CALLED PROTEIN PUMPS.

PROTEIN PUMPS

SPECIAL PROTEINS IN THE CELL MEMBRANE THAT USE ENERGY TO MOVE SUBSTANCES ACROSS THE MEMBRANE.

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

MOVES SUBSTANCES FROM LOW TO HIGH CONCENTRATION USING ENERGY.

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

REQUIRES ATP + USES PROTEIN PUMPS.

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

MAKES POSSIBLE THE UPTAKE OF ENERGY; RICH MOLECULES AND OTHER ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS FROM THE ENVIRONMENT, EVEN WHEN THEIR INDIVIDUAL CONCENTRATIONS IN THE ENVIRONMENT ARE VERY LOW;

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

ALLOWS VARIOUS SUBSTANCES TO BE REMOVED FROM THE CELL, EVEN WHEN THE CONCENTRATIONS OUTSIDE IS GREATER THAN THE INSIDE

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

ENABLES THE CELL TO MAINTAIN CONSTANT, OPTIMAL INTERNAL CONCENTRATIONS OF REQUIRED IONS

BULK TRANSPORT

FOR THE MOVEMENT OF LARGE AND POLAR MOLECULES INTO AND OUT OF CELLS, THE CELLS DEPEND ON ANOTHER TYPE OF CELLULAR TRANSPORT.

BULK TRANSPORT

LARGE AND COMPLEX MOLECULES ARE ENGULFED AND PACKED IN MEMBRANE

BULK TRANSPORT

THE MOVEMENT OF LARGE AND COMPLEX MOLECULES INTO OR OUT OF THE CELL USING MEMBRANE

BULK TRANSPORT

USED FOR LARGE MOLECULES THAT CANNOT EASILY PASS THROUGH THE CELL MEMBRANE.

BULK TRANSPORT

THE CELL SURROUNDS AND PACKS SUBSTANCES INTO SMALL MEMBRANE

BULK TRANSPORT

REQUIRES ENERGY (ATP).

ENDOCYTOSIS AND EXOCYTOSIS

TWO TYPES OF BULK TRANSPORT:

ENDOCYTOSIS

BRINGING SUBSTANCES INTO THE CELL.

EXOCYTOSIS

RELEASING SUBSTANCES OUT OF THE CELL.

BULK TRANSPORT

THE CELL USES TINY SACS (VESICLES) TO BRING LARGE SUBSTANCES IN OR SEND THEM OUT.

BULK TRANSPORT

LARGE MOLECULES + VESICLES + ENERGY.