Aralin 1 at 2: Heograpiya at Sinaunang Kabihasnan

A complete set of vocabulary flashcards covering geographical terms, human-environment interaction, human evolution, Stone Age eras, Bronze Age, and river valley civilizations based on lecture notes.

Heograpiya (Geography)

The study of the physical characteristics of the earth, places, and the relationship between humans and their environment.

Heograpiyang Pisikal (Physical Geography)

The study of the earth's surface composed of large landmasses surrounded by bodies of water.

Bundok (Mountain)

A landform characterized as high and vast (mataas at malawak).

Bulubundukin (Mountain Range)

A series of interconnected mountains (serye ng mga magkakaduktong na mga bundok).

Talampas (Plateau)

A flat landform located on high ground (patag na anyong lupa na nasa itaas).

Isla o Pulo (Island)

A piece of land entirely surrounded by water (napalilibutan ng katubigan).

Bulkan (Volcano)

A hole or opening for magma (butas o lagusan ng magma).

Arkipelago o Kapuluan (Archipelago)

A group or cluster of nearby islands (magkakalapit na isla).

Tangway (Peninsula)

A landform surrounded entirely by the sea except for its connection to the mainland.

Disyerto (Desert)

A landform with no food and extreme temperature conditions (cold or hot).

Karagatan o Oseano (Ocean)

A massive body of water that serves as the home for marine resources (yamang-tubig).

Look (Bay)

A body of water with a small opening leading to the sea (maliit ang butas ng papuntang dagat).

Golpo (Gulf)

A body of water with a large opening leading to the sea (malaki ang butas papuntang dagat).

Lawa (Lake)

A body of water with no opening leading to the sea (walang butas na papuntang dagat).

Ilog (River)

A long pathway of water (mahabang daanan ng tubig).

Talon (Waterfall)

Water falling from a high place (mula sa mataas na lugar).

Heograpiyang Pantao (Human Geography)

The study based on the concept that humans have inherent knowledge to live in any part of the world.

DEPEND (Human Geography Theme)

A human-environment interaction concept where humans rely on their environment for survival (umaasa sa kapaligiran).

ADAPT (Human Geography Theme)

A human-environment interaction concept where humans adapt to the natural resources in their surroundings (umaangkop sa likas na yaman sa paligid).

MODIFY (Human Geography Theme)

A human-environment interaction concept where humans alter their environment according to their way of living (binabago ang paligid ayon sa pamumuhay).

Kabihasnan o Sibilisasyon (Civilization)

A high level of living in a society or community achieved after undergoing a series of developments.

Etymology of Kabihasnan

Derived from the root word "bihasa", meaning possessing inherent skill and expertise (may angking kahusayan at kasanayan).

Etymology of Sibilisasyon

Derived from the Latin word "civitas", meaning city (lungsod).

Homo Sapiens

The first members of modern humans according to artifacts and fossil evidence discovered in Eastern Africa (Silangang Aprika).

Panahon ng Bato (Stone Age)

The period marking the era of ancient humans from 2.5 million years ago to 3300 BCE, divided into three stages.

Paleolitiko (Paleolithic Period)

The early Stone Age stage where humans lived in caves or simple huts, made tools from animal bones and rough stones, hunted, and used fire for cooking.

Mesolitiko (Mesolithic Period)

The middle Stone Age stage where humans lived near bodies of water, made smooth and sharp bone and stone tools, and initiated agriculture.

Neolitiko (Neolithic Period)

The late Stone Age stage characterized by community settlements, stone tools, and the further development of agriculture.

Katangian ng Kabihasnan (Characteristics of Civilization)

Key pillars defining civilization, including developed cities, government, belief systems, job specialization, economic status, writing systems, arts and culture, technology, and public works.

Panahon ng Bronse (Bronze Age)

The period when humans discovered how to make stronger tools using molten metal like bronze (tanso), causing communities and human life to flourish.

Mesopotamia

An ancient river valley civilization located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, known as the Fertile Crescent, home to famous cities such as Uruk, Eridu, Ur, and Akkad.

Indus

An ancient river valley civilization that developed alongside major river networks in Asia.