Chemical Reactions

Combination Reaction

Also known as the synthesis reaction, this is a type of reaction wherein at least two types of elements (or compounds) combine to form a single product.

Decomposition Reaction

It is a type of reaction in which a single compound breaks down to form at least two types of products.

Single Displacement Reaction

Also known as the single replacement reaction, this is a type of reaction wherein one element in a compound is substituted by another element.

Double Displacement Reaction

Also known as metathesis reaction, this is a type of reaction wherein the two reactants exchange one atom. 

Redox Reaction

This is a type of reaction that involves the transfer of electrons between two species.

Redox Reaction

It is a shorthand term for reduction-oxidation reaction, always occurs in pairs as there should be a species that will receive the electron/s lost by the other to maintain electroneutrality.

Oxidation

LEORA (Loss of Electron/s, _______ , Reducing Agent)

Reduction

GEROA (Gain of Electron/s, _______, Oxidizing Agent)

Chemical reactions

These are processes in which a substance (or substances) is changed into one or more substances.

reactants

In a chemical reaction, everything that is written on the left side of the arrow is called ________.

products

In a chemical reaction, everything that is written on the right side of the arrow is called _____.

the law of conservation of matter

All chemical reactions obey this law which was proposed by Antoine Lavoisier in the 18th century.

• It states that “matter can neither be created nor destroyed.”

• This implies that mass is conserved in any chemical reaction.

• For example, if a 10 g reactant/s undergoes a reaction that proceeds to completion, then the product/s formed should weigh exactly 10 g.

Decreases

ROD (Reduction, Oxidation number _______)

disproportionation reaction

In some instances, only one species undergoes both oxidation and reduction. Such reaction is a special type of redox reaction more commonly known as _______.

comproportionation (or synproportionation) reaction.

Some redox reactions have reactants containing the same element with different oxidation states but form a product wherein the same element involved has the same oxidation number. Such a reaction is known as a

combustion reaction

is a reaction in which flammable compounds (usually organic compounds) react with oxygen from the atmosphere.

complete combustion

If the atmosphere is oxygen-rich, ______ occurs, and the sole products are CO2(g) and H2O(g) for organic compounds containing only C and H (also known as hydrocarbons).

incomplete combustion

For organic compounds containing only C and H (also known as hydrocarbons). If the atmosphere is oxygen-deficient, __________ occurs, and CO(g) and C(s) also form in addition to CO2(g) and H2O(g).

NO2(g)

Furthermore, nitrogen-containing organic compounds form oxides of nitrogen, mainly ____ upon combustion; sulfur-containing organic compounds form SO2(g); while halogenated organic compounds form gaseous HX, where X can be F, Cl, Br, or I. Some examples are shown below.

SO2(g)

Furthermore, nitrogen-containing organic compounds form oxides of nitrogen, mainly NO2(g) upon combustion; sulfur-containing organic compounds form ________; while halogenated organic compounds form gaseous HX, where X can be F, Cl, Br, or I. Some examples are shown below.

halogenated organic compounds

Furthermore, nitrogen-containing organic compounds form oxides of nitrogen, mainly NO2(g) upon combustion; sulfur-containing organic compounds form SO2(g); while __________ form gaseous HX, where X can be F, Cl, Br, or I.

Precipitation Reaction

This is a reaction in which the mixing of two solutions results in the formation of solids, which is known as a precipitate. An example is shown below:

Pb(NO3 )2(aq) + 2NaCl (aq) ⇌ PbCl2(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)

Neutralization Reaction

Also known as an acid-base reaction, this is a reaction between an acid and a base. Such reactions always result in the formation of water and salt. An example is shown below:

HCl (aq) + NaOH(aq) ⟶ NaCl (aq) + H2O(l)

double displacement reactions

You should have noticed by now that precipitation and neutralization reactions are special types of double displacement reactions.

the limiting reactant, the excess reactant/s

When chemical reactions take place, it is not always the case that the amount of the reactants involved are equal such that at the end of the reaction, no reactants will be left out. More often, one reactant will be used up first (__________), and the others will remain unreacted (___________) since one of the reactants necessary for the reaction to proceed is already depleted.