Flashcards ABeka Physical Science Test 3

Which of the following equals 0.01 g?

1 cg

What is the idea that a the universe is lawful, orderly, and operates according to physical laws?

Principle of causality

What is the force that propels an airplane forward?

Thrust

What type of deformation is a combination of stretching and compressing?

Bending

What idea explains that molecules of an object move faster as the object is heated?

Kinetic theory

What is the energy of motion?

Kinetic energy

What is the energy of visible light?

Radiant energy

What fundamental force is an attractive force between two masses?

Gravitational force

What fundamental force binds the subatomic particles in the nucleus together?

Strong nuclear force

What device is designed to measure the change in heat in physical and chemical changes

Calorimeter

What device automatically regulates temperatures?

Thermostat

What is the most important component of a heat pump?

Refrigerant

If the initial pressure of a gas is 100 kPa, what is the new pressure if the volume is doubled and the temperature is held constant?

50 kPa

What device uses a double-walled container and an insulating stopper to keep liquefied gases cold?

Dewar flask

What is defined as "the portion of the universe being studied"?

System

The transfer of thermal energy without matter is

Radiation

The coldest possible temperature is

Absolute zero

Scientists often express the laws of the universe as mathematical "sentences" called

Equations

The general term for any transfer of thermal energy is

Heat

The equation for gravitational potential energy is

PE=mgh

Three factors that affect thermal energy are mass, state of matter, and _____

Temerpature

The factors that affect an object's rotational kinetic energy are mass, rotational speed, size and _____

Shape

The amount of heat needed to cause a unit rise in temperature of a unit mass of a substance

Specific heat

The amount of space matter takes up

Volume

The amount of force per unit of area

Pressure

The ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a standard

Specific gravity

The amount of heat needed to change an object's temperature by a certain amount

Heat capacity

The amount of disorder is a system

Entropy

The ability to do work is ...

Energy

How closely a measurement reflects the actual value is ...

Accuracy

Liquids that evaporate quickly are considered ...

Volatile

Most nations measure temperature using the ____ scale

Celsius

A device used to measure altitude is an ....

Altimeter

Motion in a circle centered on a point outside the object is _____ motion

Circular

Because it does not cause a change in temperature, heat of vaporaziation is an example of _____ heat.

Latent

A theoretical device that would generate the maximum possible amount of work from a given amount of heat is an _______

Carnot engine

Potential energy caused by restorative forces is _____ potential energy

Elastic

Potential energy caused by two stationary charged objects is ___ potential energy

Electric

One-way diffusion through a semipermeable membrane is

Osmosis

The process in which heat is transferred by direct contact is

Conduction

Using proper significant figures, (64.0N/m)(2.406 m)=

154 N

Extremely small particles that make up matter are called

Atoms

The density of an object with a mass of 27 g and a volume of 9 cm^3 is

3 g/cm^3

The temperature at which the vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure is the ___ point.

Boiling

The SI unit of mass is the

Kilogram

The heat required to change a given mass of a solid into a liquid without changing temperatures is heat of

Fusion

The law stating that temperature and pressure are directly related when volume is held constant is

Amontons's law

The law that relates the force needed to deform a solid to the amount of deformation is

Hooke's law

The kinetic energy of a 2.0 kg object moving at 3.0 m/s is

9.0 J

The idea that the lateral pressure of a moving fluid decreases as the fluid's speed increases is

Bernoulli's principle

Water that is being cooled stops contracting at a temperature of

4 degrees C

Name the SI unit of energy

Joule

What are moving currents of fluid that transfer heat?

Convection currents

Which state of matter exists when temperatures are too high for matter to exist in its ordinary states?

Plasma

Name the orderly process by which scientists investigate the secrets of nature.

scientific method

What scientific principle says that natural processes tend to go toward less usable energy and greater disorder?

Second law of thermodynamics

What is another name for the vacuum bottle?

Dewar flask

Which law states that energy gained (or Lost) by a system is equal to energy lost (or gained) by its surroundings?

First law of thermodynamics

What form of motion involves a change in an object's position?

Translational motion

What is the tendency of a solid object to float in a fluid?

Buoyancy

A gas changing directly into a solid

Deposition

A gas changing into a liquid

Condensation

A solid changing into a liquid

Melting

Internal evaporation in a liquid

Boiling

A liquid changing into a gas

Evaporation