Skeletal System multiple choice

Bursitis

painful swelling and irritation of a bursa (which is a small, fluid-filled sac that cushions bones, tendons, and muscles near your joints)

Osteoarthritis

caused by the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of bones wearing down over time (most common form of joint disease)

Pannus

abnormal layer of tissue that grows over a normal body structure or organ

Rheumatoid arthritis

a chronic autoimmune disease that causes your immune system to mistakenly attack the lining of your joints, leading to painful inflammation, swelling, and stiffness

Bone Spurs

a smooth, extra growth of bone that forms along the edges of bones or inside joints

Rickets

childhood bone disorder that causes bones to become soft, weak, and prone to bending or fracturing

Ankylosis

abnormal stiffening and immobility of a joints

Fractures

complete or partial break, crack, or split if the bone.

Crepitus

a grating, crackling, popping, or crunching sound and sensation that occurs in joints or tissues

Gouty arthritis (gout)

painful, common form of inflammatory arthritis caused by a buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints

osteons

basic structural and functional unit of compact (cortical) bone

Sharpey’s fibers

bundles of collagen connecting the outer membrane of bone (periosteum) or ligaments directly to the underlying bone matrix

Osteocytes

mature bone cells that maintain daily bone tissue

(make up about 90% to 95% of all cells in the adult skeleton)

Osteoclasts

specialized type of large, multinucleated bone cell that breaks down and resorbs bone tissue

Osteoblasts

cube-shaped cells responsible for forming new bone tissue and repairing skeletal damage

Epiphyseal line

solid bony remnant of the epiphyseal plate (or growth plate) that forms in long bones

Epiphyseal plate

growth plate, is a thin layer of hyaline cartilage on ends of long bones in children

Lacunae

a small, hollowed-out cavity, pit, or space within a biological tissue, most commonly housing a living cell

Canaliculi

canals or tiny channels found in various bodily

Lamellae

thin, plate-like layers or rings of calcified matrix that give mature bone tissue its strength, rigidity, and structured organization

Hinge joint

permits flexion (bending) and extension (straightening)

Ball and socket joint

allows movement in all directions

Short bones

carpels and tarsals

cube-like shape

Long bone

arms and legs (clavicle)

cylindrical and longer than it is wide

Flat bones

skull, sternum, ribs, scapula,

thin and often curved skeletal elements

Irregular bones

vertabrae, pelvic bone, hyoid, hip bones

specialized shapes that do not fit into long, short, and flat