Tutorial Grand Rounds 1

neonatal and children gastric acid

lower gastric acid production

neonatal and children total body water

• neonatal TBW = around 80%

• 1 year of age = 60%

neonatal and children plasma proteins

• circulating plasma proteins are lower than adults

• fetal albumin is present until 1 month of age- lower affinity for drugs

neonatal and children cytochrome enzymes

• they have less, 30-60% of adult levels within first week of life

geriatric gastric emptying and pH

• decreased gastric emptying

• increased gastric pH

geriatric plasma protein levels

decreased serum albumin

geriatric kidney changes

• decreased GFR

• decreased renal blood flow

• decreased renal tubular secretion

geriatric liver changes

• decreased liver size

• decreased hepatic blood flow

• decreased phase 1 metabolism