Ch 9 Chemical Mediators

What is the source of histamine?

Mast cell granules

What are the major actions of histamine?

Immediate vasodilation and increased capillary permeability to form exudate

What is the source of chemotactic factors?

Mast cell granules

What is the function of chemotactic factors?

Attract white blood cells such as neutrophils to the site of inflammation

What is the source of platelet-activating factor (PAF)?

Cell membranes of platelets

What are the major actions of platelet-activating factor (PAF)?

Activates neutrophils and causes platelet aggregation

What are cytokines?

Chemical mediators including interleukins and lymphokines that help regulate inflammation

What is the source of cytokines?

T-lymphocytes and macrophages

What are the major actions of cytokines?

Increase plasma proteins and ESR; induce fever

What is the source of leukotrienes?

Synthesized from arachidonic acid in mast cells

What are the major actions of leukotrienes?

Later inflammatory response involving vasodilation

What is the source of prostaglandins (PGs)?

Synthesized from arachidonic acid in mast cells

What are the major actions of prostaglandins (PGs)?

Vasodilation

What are kinins?

Chemical mediators such as bradykinin that are produced through activation of plasma proteins

What is the source of kinins such as bradykinin?

Activation of plasma protein kininogen

What are the major actions of kinins?

Vasodilation

What activates the complement system?

Activation of a plasma protein cascade

What are the major actions of the complement system?

Vasodilation

Which chemical mediator causes immediate vasodilation and increased capillary permeability?

Histamine

Which chemical mediators attract neutrophils to the site of inflammation?

Chemotactic factors

Which chemical mediator activates neutrophils and promotes platelet aggregation?

Platelet-activating factor (PAF)

Which chemical mediators can induce fever and leukocytosis?

Cytokines

Which chemical mediator is associated with a later inflammatory response and chemotaxis?

Leukotrienes

Which chemical mediator contributes to pain and fever and enhances histamine's effects?

Prostaglandins

Which chemical mediator causes pain and increased capillary permeability and is derived from kininogen?

Kinins such as bradykinin

Which inflammatory system increases histamine release and promotes chemotaxis?

Complement system

What does ESR stand for?

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

What does leukocytosis mean?

An increased number of white blood cells in the blood

What does chemotaxis mean?

Movement of cells toward a chemical signal suchWhat is the source of histamine?

What are the major actions of histamine?

Immediate vasodilation and increased capillary permeability to form exudate

What is the source of chemotactic factors?

Mast cell granules

What is the function of chemotactic factors?

Attract white blood cells such as neutrophils to the site of inflammation

What is the source of platelet-activating factor (PAF)?

Cell membranes of platelets

What are the major actions of platelet-activating factor (PAF)?

Activates neutrophils and causes platelet aggregation

What are cytokines?

Chemical mediators including interleukins and lymphokines that help regulate inflammation

What is the source of cytokines?

T-lymphocytes and macrophages

What are the major actions of cytokines?

Increase plasma proteins and ESR; induce fever

What is the source of leukotrienes?

Synthesized from arachidonic acid in mast cells

What are the major actions of leukotrienes?

Later inflammatory response involving vasodilation

What is the source of prostaglandins (PGs)?

Synthesized from arachidonic acid in mast cells

What are the major actions of prostaglandins (PGs)?

Vasodilation

What are kinins?

Chemical mediators such as bradykinin that are produced through activation of plasma proteins

What is the source of kinins such as bradykinin?

Activation of plasma protein kininogen

What are the major actions of kinins?

Vasodilation

What activates the complement system?

Activation of a plasma protein cascade

What are the major actions of the complement system?

Vasodilation

Which chemical mediator causes immediate vasodilation and increased capillary permeability?

Histamine

Which chemical mediators attract neutrophils to the site of inflammation?

Chemotactic factors

Which chemical mediator activates neutrophils and promotes platelet aggregation?

Platelet-activating factor (PAF)

Which chemical mediators can induce fever and leukocytosis?

Cytokines

Which chemical mediator is associated with a later inflammatory response and chemotaxis?

Leukotrienes

Which chemical mediator contributes to pain and fever and enhances histamine's effects?

Prostaglandins

Which chemical mediator causes pain and increased capillary permeability and is derived from kininogen?

Kinins such as bradykinin

Which inflammatory system increases histamine release and promotes chemotaxis?

Complement system

What does ESR stand for?

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

What does leukocytosis mean?

An increased number of white blood cells in the blood

What does chemotaxis mean?

Movement of cells toward a chemical signal such as a site of inflammation

What is exudate?

Fluid that accumulates in tissues due to increased vascular permeability during inflammation

What is vasodilation?

Widening of blood vessels that increases blood flow to an area

What is capillary permeability?

The ability of substances to pass through capillary walls; increased permeability allows fluid and proteins to enter tissues as a site of inflammation

What is exudate?

Fluid that accumulates in tissues due to increased vascular permeability during inflammation

What is vasodilation?

Widening of blood vessels that increases blood flow to an area

What is capillary permeability?

The ability of substances to pass through capillary walls; increased permeability allows fluid and proteins to enter tissues