hass geography revision

earthquakes - how do they occur?

earthquakes occur when energy that has built up in the earths

examples of areas that are earthquake prone

japan - sits on the ring of fire on active zone while the himalayas sit ont the indian plate where it moves north and crashes directly into the eurasian plate, this unstoppable collision causes the mountains to push up creating powerful earthquakes

volcanoes - how are they formed?

when molten rock from deep inside the earth rises up and erupts as lava through weak spots in the crust

tectonic plates cause volcanic eruptions - how?

when the movement of earth’s plate either pushes or pulls them apart so water and heat melt into pressurised magma

explain the 4 types of volcanoes

1. CINDER CONES 2. LAVA DOMES, SHIELD VOL 4. COMPOSITE, CINDER CONES are small and are built from BLOBS OF LAVA, LAVA DOMES are SHORT steep mounds created from THICK LAVA piling up near a vent. SHIELD volcanoes are BROAD, wide and gentle slops built from layers of RUNNY low viscosity lava. COMPOSITE are tall built from alternating layers of volcanic ash, debris and hardened lava.

tsunamis - how do they occur?

tsunami is a series of waves caused by underwater movement, usually landslides or earthquakes.

social/economic/environmental impacts of these geomorphic hazards?

severe loss of life, displacement, trauma, habitat destruction and financial damage

urbanisation - define

process where people move from rural/country area to cities and towns for better lifestyle and work

push and pull factors of urbanisation?

push (rural) farming challenges, poor public services, lack of jobs

define megacity and name 5

a megacity is a large area or region with a population of over 10 million people

define internal migration

when people move inside of a country for better life and work

4 reasons for internal migration?

more opportunities, better jobs, better public services, education, work, environment/climate

define international migration

when people move across national borders in search for a better life, work etc in a different country

6 reasons for international migration

persectution, political reasons, family union, education, weather, war and conflict

pos/neg of international migration

pos: cultural diversity, innovation, economic growth, young and skilled migrants. neg: clash of cultures, concern of migrants taking over jobs, infrastructure pressure, public service restrain

define the following terms: urban sprawl, atmosphere, biosphere, hydrospehere, lithosphere, net migration, epicentre, focus

urban sprawl: the rapid growth of a geographic extent of cities and towns. atmosphere is the layer of gas surrounding a planet held in plac eby gravity. hydrosphere is all the water found on a planet. biosphere is all the organisms. lithosphere is the outer shell of earth. net migration is the difference between emi and immigrants entering and exiting a country. focus: specific point inside the earths crust where an earthquake originates. epicentre is the point above on the surface where an earthquake originates.