biology cell biology miss bilingly

What does a nucleus consist of?

Nucleolus, nucleus envelope, chromosomes

What is nucleoli and function

To synthesis rRNA and make ribosomes

What does dna usually consist as in the nucleus?

Chromatin

What is endoplasmic reticulum?

A series of membrane folds that connect to the nuclear envelope

What are the folded membranes called

Cisternae

What does RER have and its function?

RER has ribasomes on cisternae and Carries out protein synthesis and the RER processes proteins produced by those ribasomes

What does the SER do?

Synthesis and store lipids and carbohydrates

What does the Golgi have?

Folded membranes making cisternae then vesicles Produced

What is the Golgi considered as?

The processing and packaging centre

How does RER and Golgi connect to make vesicles?

RER processes proteins and transports them to the Golgi where is is packaged and modified into vesicles

What does the Golgi do to the protein when it recieves it from the RER?

It add carbohydrates to from a glycoprotein

What is another type of vesicle?

Golgi produces vesicle containing hydrolytic enzymes which become a lysosome

Where does the enzymes in a lysosome need to be kept?

Seperately from the rest of the cell by a membrane

What are the enzymes used for?

Digesting invading cells

What are also digested by the enzymes?

Worn out or dead organelles for reuse of materials

What does mitochondria have?

Double membrane and the inner membrane is called cristae

What substance is inside the mitochondria? What is the name?

Fluid Called the matrix

What is the inner membrane coated with?

Enzymes to catalyse aerobic respiration to make ATP

What is ATP?

The molecule that provides energy for cellular processes

What is the form of DNA in mitochondria?

Loop

What are ribasomes made up of?

Protiens and rRNA

Where are large ribasomes found?

In eukaryotic cells

Where are small ribasomes found?

In prokaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplast

Function of a ribasome?

Protein synthesis

What is vacuole filled with and surrounded by?

Filled with fluid and surrounded by membrane called tonoplast

Function of vacuole?

Keep cell turgid

What does vacuole temporarily store?

Sugars and amino acids

What does chloroplast have that surrounds it?

A double membrane

What does chloroplast contain? 2 things

Thylakoid which is folded membranes and fluid called Stroma

What does the stroma contain?

Enzymes for photosynthesis

They have stacks of ……… called ……

Thylakoid, grana

Where are cell walls found?

In plant and fungi cells

What is cell wall used for?

Structural strength

What does plasma membrane control?

What can exit and enter the cell

What are dotted along the cell membrane? And for what

Protiens to recognise what should and shouldn’t enter the cell

What is needed in between the cell membranes?

Cholsterterol to keep it together

What is the liquid part of ythe cytoplasm called?

Cytosol

What is the cell wall made out of?

Cellulose

What is cellulose made out of?

Polysaccharide