General Science

ASVAB

Zeroth Law

The ___________ of Thermodynamics states that if two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then they are in thermal equilibrium with each other, establishing a foundation for temperature measurement.

First law

The _________ of Thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another, thus conserving the total energy within an isolated system.

Second Law

The __________ of Thermodynamics states that the total entropy of an isolated system can never decrease over time, and processes occur in the direction that increases entropy.

Third Law

The _________ of Thermodynamics states that as the temperature of a system approaches absolute zero, the entropy of a perfect crystal approaches a constant minimum.

Heat

Is energy transferred between systems due to a temperature difference.

Temperature

Is a measure of how hot or cold an object is, reflecting the average kinetic energy of its particles.

Mass

is a measure of the amount of substance in an object.

Weight

Is a measure of a gravitational pull of earth on an object.

Volume

Is a measure of the amount of space occupied.

Density

Is a measure of the amount of mass per unit volume.

Specific gravity

Is a measure of the ratio of a substance’s density compared to the density of water.

Thermal contact

Refers to energy transferred to a body by a means other than work.

magnetic field

the motions of subatomic structures produce a ________.

magnetic moment

the strength of a magnetic field is known as a _________.

Electric force

The attractive force between the electrons and the nucleus is called __________.

Electric charge

is measured with the unit Coulomb (C). It is the amount of charge moved in one second by a steady current of one ampere.

Electric current

is the sustained flow of electric charge along a path in a circuit. This differs from a static electric charge, which is a constant non-moving charge rather than a continuous flow.

The rate of flow of electric charge

is expressed using the ampere and can be measured using an ammeter.

Simple circuit

is a movement of electric charge along a path between areas of high electric potential and low electric potential, with a resistor or load device between them.

Magnet

is any object or material, such as iron, steel, or magnetite, that can affect another substance within its field of force that has like characteristics.

Magnetic domain

occurs when the magnetic fields of atoms are grouped and aligned.

Motion

is a change in the location of an object and is the result of an unbalanced net force acting on the object.

Displacement

When something moves from one place to another.

Gravitational force

is a universal force that causes every object to exert a force on every other object.

Newtons first law

An object at rest or in motion will remain at rest or in motion unless acted upon by an external force.

Inertia

the tendency of a body to remain in its present state of motion.

Newtons second law

An object’s acceleration is directly proportional to the net force acting on the object and inversely proportional to the object’s mass.

Simple machines

includes the inclined plane, lever, wheel, and axle, and pulley.

Inclined plane

enables a force less than the object’s weight to be used to push an object to a greater height.

Lever

enables a multiplication of force. The wheel and acle allows for movement with less resistance.

Pulleys

allow for easier direction of force. The wedge and screw are forms of the inclined plane.

Wedge

turns a smaller force working over a greater distance into a larger force.

Screw

is similar to an inclined that is wrapped around a shaft.