American History ACP LAP 4 Study Guide

Following Lincoln’s election, which state seceded first? Total number?

State: South Carolina

Total: 11 states join Confederacy

Who became the president of the Confederacy? Capital?

President: Jefferson Davis

Capital: Richmond, Virginia

What did the Confederate constitution support (3)?

• protected slavery

• guaranteed states’ rights

• removed protective tariffs

What is the political and strategic importance of border states?

• Any states that leave will benefit the South

• If Maryland leaves, the capital (Washington, D.C.) will be surrounded

What did Lincoln vow to do in his inaugural speech?

to “preserve, protect, and defend the Union”

What were the North’s strengths? Weaknesses?

What were the South’s strengths? Weaknesses?

What did the CSA need to create to be successful? Challenges to success? (Who should win the Civil War)

Why did Lincoln not send troops to the South immediately after his inauguration?

He wanted to avoid starting a war and keep peace within the Union.

What even began the Civil War? Why fired upon?

The shelling of Fort Sumter in April 1861 marked the beginning of the Civil War.

Why did Lincoln not ask Congress to declare war?

He considered the Confederacy a rebellion, not a separate country.

Identify main points of the Union’s Anaconda plan

• blockade Southern ports

• control rivers to get into the deep South

• capture Richmond

• destroy their ability to fight

Identify main point of the South’s plan

DON’T LOSE

Which side was winning at first? How did it impact Lincoln’s administration?

The Confederates were winning at first.

Impact:

What was the first big battle of the war?

Battle of Bull Run (1861): Lee’s first main attempt to get to D.C.

How did Union forces learn about Lee’s plans in MD?

Union soldiers find a copy of Confederate General Robert E. Lee's orders detailing the Confederates' plan

What was the military “outcome” of the battle of Antietam?

After Antietam, what did Lincoln believe it was now time to issue?

Emancipation Proclamation

Why would the Emancipation Proclamation go into effect in January?

Why did Lincoln not free all slaves everywhere? Who was freed?

Why: wanted to preserve the Union and keep border states loyal

Who: Lincoln said that all persons held as slaves within any state or designated part of a state that is in rebellion would be freed.

What would Freedmen now be allowed to do in the army?

Victory at Antietam and the Proclamation also influenced which other governments?

encourage British to NOT get involved in the Civil War

Why was Union victory at Gettysburg a turning point (2)?

• Lee’s last major attempt to get to D.C.

• helps protect capital (D.C)

What was the main idea(s) of the Gettysburg Address?

Name 3 reasons Union victory at Vicksburg was important

• give Union control of the Mississippi

• cuts Confederacy in half (makes it hard to communicate)

• allows Union troops to get into deep South (Georgie)

1864: Contrast new Union strategies of total war and war of attrition

total war: trying to defeat Southern morale; make war difficult for citizens, especially in the South

war of attrition: make other side use up all resources, soldiers, and supplies