AVS Exam 2
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228 Terms
Q: What does dorsal mean, and what is an example?
A: Dorsal means toward the back/top of the body. The top of the foot is the dorsal aspect.
Q: What does palmar/plantar mean, and what is an example?
A: Palmar/plantar refers to the bottom of the foot, where the pads are.
Q: What does cranial mean, and what is an example?
A: Cranial means toward the head. The head is cranial to the tail.
Q: What does caudal mean, and what is an example?
A: Caudal means toward the tail/rear. The tail is caudal to the head.
Q: What does rostral mean, and what is an example?
A: Rostral means toward the nose/front of the head. The nose is rostral to the ear.
Q: What does medial mean, and what is an example?
A: Medial means toward the midline of the body. The spine is medial to the flank.
Q: What does lateral mean, and what is an example?
A: Lateral means away from the body's midline. The flank is lateral to the spine.
Q: What does proximal mean, and what is an example?
A: Proximal means closer to the body or point of attachment. The elbow is proximal to the carpus.
Q: What does AAFCO do?
A: Regulates commercial pet food labeling and marketing.
Q: What does “formulated” mean on pet food?
A: The food meets AAFCO guidelines.
Q: What does “tested” mean on pet food?
A: The food was fed to animals to verify that it meets the criteria.
Q: What is the ideal dog Body Condition Score (BCS)?
A: 5/9 or 3/5.
Q: What does an ideal dog body condition look like?
A: An hourglass shape from above, with ribs that can be felt but are not visible.
Q: What should you monitor to make sure a dog is being fed correctly?
A: Weight, stool quality, vitality, and hair coat.
Q: What is an intact male dog called?
A: A stud.
Q: What is an intact female dog called?
A: A bitch.
Q: What are baby dogs called?
A: Puppies.
Q: What is giving birth in dogs called?
A: Whelping.
Q: When can puppies start eating puppy food?
A: Around 3–4 weeks old.
Q: When can puppies legally leave their mother in California?
A: At 8 weeks old.
Q: Do dogs have the same reproductive cycle whether they are bred or not?
A: Yes
Q: How long is a dog's pregnancy?
A: About 63 days, with a possible range up to 70 days.
Q: What is needed for whelping?
A: A prepared whelping box with clean, changeable bedding and safe sides.
Q: When should a veterinarian be contacted during whelping?
A: If pushing lasts over 30 minutes or if more than 3–4 hours pass between puppies.
Q: What is the first milk produced after birth called?
A: Colostrum.
Q: Why is colostrum important?
A: It provides immunity to newborn puppies.
Q: How should dog mats be removed?
A: Use clippers; scissors can cut the skin.
Q: What must you watch for when trimming dog nails?
A: Avoid cutting the quick, because it causes bleeding.
Q: How is canine distemper transmitted?
A: Through the air.
Q: What are signs of canine distemper?
A: GI and respiratory signs, followed later by seizures.
Q: Can vaccination prevent canine distemper?
A: Yes.
Q: How is infectious canine hepatitis transmitted?
A: Through urine, feces, and saliva.
Q: What are signs of infectious canine hepatitis?
A: Organ problems and possible cloudy corneas.
Q: Can vaccination prevent infectious canine hepatitis?
A: Yes.
Q: How is canine parvovirus transmitted?
A: Through infected feces.
Q: What are signs of canine parvovirus?
A: Vomiting, diarrhea, and severe illness.
Q: Can vaccination prevent canine parvovirus?
A: Yes.
Q: How is canine coronavirus transmitted?
A: Through contaminated feces.
Q: What are signs of canine coronavirus?
A: Vomiting and diarrhea; it is usually milder than parvo.
Q: Can vaccination prevent canine coronavirus?
A: Yes.
Q: What causes kennel cough?
A: Multiple viruses and bacteria.
Q: What is the main sign of kennel cough?
A: A hacking/gagging cough.
Q: Can vaccination prevent kennel cough?
A: Vaccines can prevent common causes.
Q: How is canine brucellosis transmitted?
A: Sexually transmitted.
Q: What are signs of canine brucellosis?
A: Females may abort; males may have swollen or atrophied testicles/scrotum. Some show no signs.
Q: Can canine brucellosis be prevented by vaccination?
A: No vaccination is listed; infected dogs should not be bred.
Q: How is canine herpes transmitted?
A: Through oral/nasal secretions, feces, urine, saliva, or vaginal discharge.
Q: What are signs of canine herpes?
A: Adults usually show no signs; puppies may have abnormal feces, breathing difficulty, abdominal pain, stop nursing, and cry constantly.
Q: Can canine herpes be prevented by vaccination?
A: No vaccination is listed in the lecture.
Q: How is blastomycosis transmitted?
A: By inhaling fungal spores from soil containing bird or bat droppings.
Q: What are signs of blastomycosis?
A: Coughing, rapid breathing, decreased appetite, eye problems, lameness, and skin problems.
Q: Can blastomycosis be prevented by vaccination?
A: No vaccination is listed in the lecture.
Q: How is histoplasmosis transmitted?
A: By inhaling fungal spores from soil containing bird or bat droppings.
Q: What are signs of histoplasmosis?
A: Coughing, respiratory difficulty, fever, depression, diarrhea, and weight loss.
Q: Can histoplasmosis be prevented by vaccination?
A: No vaccination is listed in the lecture.
Q: How is coccidioidomycosis transmitted?
A: By inhaling spores from hot, dry, alkaline soil.
Q: What are signs of coccidioidomycosis?
A: Appetite/weight loss, lameness, bone or spinal pain, and coughing.
Q: Can coccidioidomycosis be prevented by vaccination?
A: No vaccination is listed in the lecture.
Q: How is tetanus transmitted?
A: A wound becomes infected with bacterial spores from soil.
Q: What are signs of tetanus?
A: Facial spasms, sardonic grin, spastic paralysis, lockjaw, third-eyelid prolapse, inability to stand, and head extension.
Q: Can dogs be vaccinated against tetanus?
A: No. Dogs are more resistant than humans and are not vaccinated.
Q: What information does the dog lecture provide about botulism?
A: The provided lecture material does not give enough information to make a source-supported flashcard answer.
Q: What sexually transmitted disease affects dogs?
A: Brucellosis.
Q: Can a dog infected with brucellosis be bred afterward?
A: No.
Q: What external parasite can transmit tapeworms to dogs?
A: Fleas.
Q: What should you do if a dog is poisoned?
A: Contact a veterinarian or animal poison control.
Q: When should you NOT induce vomiting after poisoning?
A: When inducing vomiting could be unsafe or make the poisoning worse.
Q: What are Sporting dogs generally bred for?
A: Hunting and retrieving.
Q: What are Hound dogs generally bred for?
A: Hunting using sight or scent.
Q: What are Working dogs generally bred for?
A: Jobs and work for humans.
Q: What are Terrier dogs generally bred for?
A: Hunting and controlling vermin.
Q: What are Toy dogs generally bred for?
A: Companionship.
Q: What are Non-Sporting dogs generally used for?
A: Mostly companionship; this group contains a variety of breeds.
Q: What are Herding dogs bred for?
A: Herding and controlling livestock.
Q: What does distal mean, and what is an example?
A: Distal means farther from the body or point of attachment. The carpus is distal to the elbow.
Q: What does ventral mean, and what is an example?
A: Ventral means toward the belly/bottom side of the body. The sternum is ventral to the spine.
Q: What is the ear in relation to the nose?
A: The ear is caudal to the nose.
Q: What is the spine in relation to the sternum?
A: The spine is dorsal to the sternum.
Q: What is distinctive about cat claws?
A: They are retractable.
Q: What is the righting reflex in cats?
A: A reflex that allows a falling cat to rotate its body and land on its feet.
Q: How did domestic cats spread throughout the world?
A: They spread from Egypt through the Middle East and Europe and eventually around the world with travelers and traders.
Q: Which continent does not have domestic cats?
A: Antarctica.
Q: What are some basic characteristics of cats?
A: Flexible bodies, strong hindquarters, retractable claws, large eyes, and sensitive ears/whiskers.
Q: What is binocular vision in cats?
A: The area seen by both eyes that provides depth perception.
Q: What is peripheral vision?
A: The area seen by one eye.
Q: What is the total field of vision of a cat?
A: About 280°.
Q: What does estrus look like in a cat?
A: Restlessness, increased friendliness, calling/howling, rubbing, and lordosis.
Q: What does it mean that cats are induced ovulators?
A: Mating stimulates ovulation.
Q: What is an intact male cat called?
A: A tom.
Q: What is an intact female cat called?
A: A queen.
Q: What are baby cats called?
A: Kittens.
Q: What is giving birth in cats called?
A: Queening.
Q: What does a queen need for queening?
A: A safe area for giving birth and caring for kittens.
Q: What type of diet should cats have?
A: A high-protein carnivorous diet.
Q: What type of diet should cats NOT have?
A: A vegetarian diet.
Q: How should cats be fed?
A: At least 2 meals per day.
Q: How many litter boxes should you have?
A: Number of cats + 1.
Q: What basic grooming do cats need?
A: Brushing, nail trimming, ear checks, dental care, and eye cleaning when needed.
Q: How is feline panleukopenia transmitted?
A: By direct contact with infected cats or contaminated dishes, litter boxes, bedding, or other fomites.
Q: What are the clinical signs of feline panleukopenia?
A: Depression, loss of appetite, high fever, lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration. It attacks the GI tract and bone marrow.