HAP. T1 W4 The brain and central nervous system

The brain and central nervous system

what is the midbrain associated with

its associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep/wake , arousal (alertness), temperature regulation

what Is substantia negra

its the pigmented cells (melanin) - loss of neurone here leads to Parkinsonism

what is parkinsons disease caused by

caused by loss od nerve cells in substantial nigra

what does Parkinsons disease lead to

it leads to the reduction in dopamine in the brain

what is dopamine

its a neurotransmitter and its vital in regulating movement in the body

what is Lewy bodies

its a alpha synuclein protein

what does the thalamus do (processes etc)

It processes and distributes almost all sensory / motor information going to cerebral cortex

what does the thalamus do (regulates)

it regulates levels of awareness, emotional aspects of sensations

what does hypothalamus do (regulates)

It regulates autonomic nervous system, secretion of hormones by pituitary gland

what is the pituitary gland

it is a major endocrine gland

what does the cerebellum receive

receives sensory input from the spinal cord - and motor information from cerebral cortex - and input about balance from vestibular organs of inner ear

what does the cerebellum coordinate

it coordinates planning, timing, patterning of skeletal muscle activity during movement

what does the cerebellum control

it controls maintenance of posture

what does the forebrain consist of

cerebral cortex

underlying white matter

3 functionally related deep-lying clusters of neutrons

what is the basic ganglia

its th masses of grey matter found deep within cortical white matter

what are the basal ganglia main components

corpus striatum

globus pallidus

what does the basic ganglia do

it directs subconscious activities

what is the limbic system

it influences endocrine, autonomic nervous systems

in the limbic system what is the hippocampus required for

its required for formation of long term memories, implicated in maintenance of cognitive maps for navigation

in the limbic system what does the amygdala do

it signals cortext of stimuli such as reward and fear, social functions e.g.malting

how big is the cerebral cortex

its the largest part of the brain = 83% of its mass

what does the cerebral cortex control

it controls higher mental functions, this includes conscious thoughts and experiences as well as intellectual functions e.g. ability to think

what is white matter in the cerebrum

fibre tracts (axon)

deep in cerebral cortex

surround basal nuclei wha

what is gray matter in the cerebrum

cell bodies

found in cerebral cortex, basal nuclei

what are deep groves

fissures

what are shallow depressions

sulci (sulcus)

what are elevated ridges

Gyri (gyrus)

what are the four lobes in the cerebral cortex

temporal lobe

frontal lobe

parietal lobe

occipital lobe

what is the temporal lobe

memory and hearing

what is the frontal lobe

executive function , language w

what is the parietal lobe

sense of self

what is the occipital lobe

vision

what are the three functional areas of cerebral cortex

motor areas

sensory areas

association areas

what controls voluntary movements

motor areas wh

what does conscious awareness of sensation

sensory areas

what integrates diverse information

association areas

what is decussations

its the crossing over of pathways from side of initial signal to opposite side for processing - in pyramids

what are three protectors of the brain

meninges

cerebrospinal fluid

blood brain barrier

what is the dura mater

it has 2 layers of fibrous connective tissue

what is hydrocephalus

its excessive accumulation of CSF

what is hydrocephalus caused by

its caused by obstruction, poor absorption, or overproduction of CSF

what is a blood brain barrier (BBB)

a tight junction between endothelial cells of brain capillaries, instead of usual permeability