5.3 - Language Development
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24 Terms
language
a form of communication that is based on a system of symbols
infinite generativity
the ability to produce and comprehend an endless number of meaningful sentences using a finite set of words and rules
phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics
five systems of rules in the organization of language
sound system of a language
phonology
the units of meaning involved in word formation
morphology
the way words are combined to form acceptable phrases and sentences
syntax
the meaning of words and sentences
semantics
using appropriate conversation and knowledge of how to effectively use language in context
pragmatics
telegraphic speech
the use of short and precise words without grammatical markers such as articles, auxiliary verbs, and other connectives
overextension
the tendency to apply a word to objects that are inappropriate for the word’s meaning by going beyond the set of references an adult would use
underextension
the tendency to apply a word too narrowly
about 18 months
when does the vocabulary spurt usually occur?
in left frontal lobe; involves producing words
Broca’s area
in left hemisphere of brain; involved in language comprehension
Wernicke’s area
aphasia
loss or impairment of language processing
language acquisition device (LAD)
a biological endowment that enables the child to detect certain features and rules of language
higher pitch, slower tempo, and exaggerated intonation with simple words and sentences
child-directed speech
recasting
rephrasing something a child said that might lack the appropriate morphology
expanding
adding information to a child’s incomplete utterance
labeling
naming objects a child seems interested in
interactionist view
emphasizes that both biology and experience contribute to language development
Receptive vocabulary
words a baby can understand
language acquisition device (LAD)
Chomsky’s term for newborns being born with mental structures that allow them to detect the features and rules of language