Online Quiz 4

Which of the foollowing affect stroke volume

(all of the above.)

contractility.

afterload.

preload

Which are the least numerous of the leukocytes?

Basophils

In an ECG, what does the T wave represent?

Repolarization of the ventricles

An individual has type B, Rh-positive blood. The individual has ________ antigen(s) and can produce anti-________ antibodies.

B and D; A

The first phase in hemostasis is

vascular spasm.

You have been prescribed a drug called nifedipine which is a calcium channel blocker on cardiac muscle, the effect of this drug would be to

decrease the force of cardiac contraction.

Which of the following vitamins is needed for the formation of clotting factors?

vitamin K

One of the unhealthy effects of blood doping is to

increase the viscosity of the blood.

Which is going to result in significant agglutination?

Donor is type AB, recipient is type B

The following are various components of the conducting system of the heart.

1. Purkinje fibers

2. AV bundle of His

3. AV node

4. SA node

5. left and right bundle branches

The sequence in which an action potential would move through this system is

4, 3, 2, 5, 1.

As a result of anorexia the fat capsule of the kidney is eaten away allowing the kidney to shift its position interfering with blood flow to the kidney which could result in

increased erythropoiesis.

The chordae tendinae of the AV valves are anchored to the ________ of the ventricles.

papillary muscles

The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the

activation of Factor XII exposed to collagen.

During ventricular contraction

the semilunar valves open and the AV valves close.

Increased venous return to the heart will result in,

none of the above

Abnormally slow depolarization of the ventricles would most change the shape of the ________ in an ECG tracing.

QRS complex

In a patient with an abnormally leaky aortic valve, what would you expect?

Some backflow of blood into the left ventricle during ventricular diastole

Automaticity of the heart is the result of:

Na+ leaking into the cell.

Janeen has picked up a parasitic worm infection that is eating her red blood cells, this will result in

hemolytic anemia.

Stroke volume is increased by ________.

increased venous return

Left side ventricular failure would result in:

pulmonary edema.

The type of leukocyte that will migrate in the blood and take up residence in the tissues as a macrophage is a(n)

monocyte

In a normal ECG, the deflection that is generated by ventricular repolarization is called the ________.

T wave

The universal donor of RBCs, but not necessarily plasma, is blood type ________.

O, Rh-negative

Which type of leukocyte releases histamine?

Basophil

The plateau phase of an action potential

allows cardiac muscle cells to contract and then relax without tetany.

The most numerous of the formed elements are the

erythrocytes

The hemoglobin found in erythrocytes is able to chemically attach to

both oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Which are characteristic of type Rh negative blood?

A: Always has Rh (anti-D) antibodies

B: Only under certain conditions will Rh (anti-D) antibodies be present

C: Always has Rh (D) antigen

D: Only under certain conditions will the Rh (D) antigen be present

E: Is inherited independent of the ABO group

b, e

For the repolarization phase of an SA nodal cell action potential,

calcium channels close and potassium channels open.

The function of the coronary sinus is to

take blood from the coronary circulation to the right atrium.

In adults, red bone marrow is located in the

(All of the answers are correct.)

Body of vertebrae.

Proximal epiphyses of long bones.

Iliac crest.

Sternum and ribs.

When a clot is no longer needed, fibrin is dissolved by ________.

plasmin

Which heart chambers contain deoxygenated blood?

Right atrium and right ventricle

Cardiac output can be increased by all of the following except one. Choose the exception.

increasing aortic blood pressure

If there is a complete block between the SA node and the AV node, how would the ECG be affected?

The rate of P waves will be faster than the rate of QRS complexes.

Jane donates a pint of blood to a blood bank. A few minutes later, which of the following would be increased compared to pre-donation values?

Heart rate

Compared to the right ventricle, the left ventricle has all the following characteristics, except that it

pumps a greater volume.

Cells that stop the actions of basophils are:

eosinophils.

the first heart sound (S1) is caused by which of the following events?

closure of the AV valves

The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall in order to:

pump blood with greater pressure.

Neutrophils function in all the follwing ways, EXCEPT

releasing histaminase

If the connection between the SA node and AV node becomes blocked,

the ventricles will beat more slowly.

A person with type A blood can safely donate RBCs to someone of type ________ and can receive RBCs from someone of type ________.

AB; O

Which of the following might be injected into a patient who is prone to forming blood clots and therefore at risk of a heart attack or stroke?

Heparin

If the length of the absolute refractory period in cardiac muscle cells was the same as it is for skeletal muscle cells:

tetanic contractions might occur, which would stop the heart's pumping action.

Plasma proteins that are necessary for blood clotting are the

fibrinogens.

Typically, an adult's body contains ________ of blood.

5 liters

Which are characteristic of type A blood?

A: Has anti-A antibodies

B: Has anti-B antibodies

C: Has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes

D: Has surface antigen B on its erythrocytes

E: Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes

F: Will agglutinate with blood type B

b, c, f

The P wave of a normal electrocardiogram indicates:

atrial depolarization.

The level of erythropoietin in the blood would rise due to all of the following, except

during periods of fasting.

The function of the yolk sac in the human embryo is:

stem cells for blood.

As a platelet plug forms at an injury site, platelets become activated and their cytosol

degranulates as they release chemicals such as ADP and thromboxane A2.

Normal heart sounds are caused by which of the following events?

closure of the heart valves

A deficiency of ________ can cause pernicious anemia.

vitamin B12

From doing his EKG in lab, Justin discovers his heart EKG has no P waves, which of the following would most likely not be true in this situation .

an increase in afterload

Assume that the left ventricle of a child's heart has an EDV=90mL, and ESV=60mL, and a cardiac output of 2,400 mL/min. His SV is ________ mL/beat and his HR is ________ bpm.

30; 80

Following the final, Cami is taking off to Peru to follow the Inca trail and visit Machu Picchu, high in the Andes, you would expect

(All of the answers are correct.)

The release of erythropoietin.

A drop in oxygen levels.

An increase in red blood cell production.

A rise in hematocrit

An increase in these cells is seen with allergic reactions

(more than one of the above.)

The second heart sound ("dub") occurs when the pressure in the

aorta and pulmonary trunk exceeds the pressure in the ventricles

Cardiac output is:

the stroke volume times the heart rate.

Which are the most numerous of the leukocytes?

Neutrophils

In an EKG, the P wave is generated when the

atria depolarize.

Why are pregnant Rh- women given an injection of Rh immune globulin (RhoGam)?

Antibodies in the injection bind fetal RBC antigens so they cannot stimulate her immune system to produce anti-D antibodies.

The molecule used for vasoconstrition in inflammation and hemostasis is:

serotonin

During the plateau phase of a cardiac muscle cell's action potential, the membrane stays

depolarized as potassium exits and calcium enters.

The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are

albumins

The clinical definition of the hematocrit refers to the percentage of

erythrocytes in the blood.

You try to be a kind person and donate blood, following one of your donations you would expect to see an increase in the number of?

reticulocytes

Atrial depolarization causes the ________.

P wave

Hemoglobin returning to the lungs will aid in vasodilation in response to:

low CO2 levels

Which is TRUE about the condition anemia?

(All of the answers are true.)

It can be caused by abnormal hemoglobin.

It can be caused by too little iron in the diet.

It results in reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.

It can be caused by kidney failure

The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is

plasmin

The shutting of the semilunar valves begins which phase?

Isovolumetric relaxation

Cardiac reserve is

the increase in cardiac output an individual is capable of demonstrating during vigorous exercise.

If the pacemaker cells in the SA node become more permeable to potassium ions, the

heart rate will decrease.

A patient has a large portion of his stomach removed during a weight reduction surgery. Following this procedure, he experiences fatigue and is short of breath upon exertion. His surgery most likely resulted in ________.

pernicious anemia

Which of the following statements concerning the differences between action potentials in skeletal muscle cells and in ventricular cardiac muscle cells is TRUE?

After sodium influx through voltage-gated channels occurs in ventricular cells, prolonged influx of calcium from the extracellular fluid occurs. No such calcium influx occurs in skeletal muscle cells.

Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called

megakaryocytes

Most of the ventricle filling occurs ________.

during atrial diastole

"An increase in end-diastolic volume increases the stroke volume" is a way of stating

Starling's law of the heart.

The type of leukocyte that is very active during a bacterial infection is a(n)

neutrophil

Platelets release ________, a chemical vasoconstrictor that contributes to the vascular spasm.

serotonin

The ________ is the pacemaker that initiates each heart beat.

sinoatrial (SA) node

When renin is released from the kidney,

angiotensinogen is converted into angiotensin I.

Which are functions performed by the fibrous skeleton of the heart?

A: Separates the atria and ventricles

B: Anchors the heart valves

C: Provides electrical insulation between the atria and ventricles

D: Prevents over-stretching of the cardiac muscle

E: None of these are true functions of the fibrous skeleton of the heart

a, b, c

Which clotting pathway begins the combining of thromboplastin (factor III) with factor VII and calcium?

The extrinsic pathway

Isovolumetric contraction:

refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely closed chambers.

Afterload is

none of the above.

Sally has had too many alcoholic drinks. Alcohol is a systemic vasodilator and it increases urine volume, thereby decreasing blood volume. In order to maintain cardiac output, what can her body do?

Increase heart rate

Norepinephrine acts on heart muscle cells by:

(more than one of the above.)

Causing threshold to be reached more quickly.

Increasing heart contractility.

Some lymphocytes can survive as long as ________.

Decades

Atrial systole begins ________.

immediately after the P wave

In the common pathway of coagulation thrombin is used to activate

fibrinogen.

The main function of leukocytes is to

defend against pathogens.

All of the following will lead to an increase in heart rate EXCEPT

decreased blood CO2 levels.

Which of the following cells produces antibodies?

lymphocytes

During isovolumetric relaxation

atrial pressure is less than ventricular pressure.

Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by the

spleen.

During isovolumetric contraction, the pressure in the ventricles ________.

rises rapidly