Art Midterm

Art for the Spirit(Ceremonial)-Art from the Viewers Perspective

Works used in rituals, prayers, or communicating with the divine are examples of art for the ceremonial purpose.

Art for Visual Delight(Visual Pleasure)-Art from the Viewers Perspective

Art that is appreciated for their aesthetics. How they appeal to our sensory experiences and the feelings associated with those experiences.

Art for Communicating Information-Art from the Viewers Perspective

Advertisements, directions and instruction manuals communicate information through images and words. Paintings like the Sistine Chapel by Michealangelo also communicates information.

Art for Daily Use(Day-to-Day Living)-Art from the Viewers Perspective

Art we encounter in our everyday lives. Things like chairs.

Art for Public and Personal Expression-Art from the Viewers Perspective

Art can be used as a form of personal expression.

Art for Political Purposes(Social Awareness)-Art from the Viewers Perspective

Deals with social and political issues that are visible or hidden from the public.

Create a Place for Human Purpose-Reason of Art for the Artist

Monuments or buildings or a simple area for humans to interact with the space.

Create Extraordinary Version of the Ordinary-Reason of Art for the Artist

Objects that could function fine as plain a plain color or ordinary object, but the artist decides to add a design or particular color to make it more interesting.

To Record and Commemorate-Reason of Art for the Artist

Objects or images that help us to remember events or people before it slips into the past.

To give Tangible Form to the Unknown-Reason of Art for the Artist

Things or events that we cannot see with our eyes and can only be imagined, like unicorns.

To give Tangible Form to Feelings and Ideas-Reason of Art for the Artist

The artist is trying to express a particular emotion or they have a particular idea that is difficult to express in words. Can be difficult to understand without the artist explaining it(concept art).

To give Tangible Form to Feelings and Ideas-Reason of Art for the Artist

The artist is trying to express a particular emotion or they have a particular idea that is difficult to express in words. Can be difficult to understand without the artist explaining it(concept art).

Vanitas-Latin for vanity

Art alludes to the fleeting nature of life, alludes to Bible, focuses on human mortality.

Maya Lin

Uses art to make us see our environment. Designed to make us think about the world.

Sitter

Person pictured or used as a model for a work of art.

What period did painting, sculpture, and architecture come to be thought of as elevated forms of art?

Renaissance

What period was painting, sculpture, and architecture grouped with music and poetry as the “fine arts”? As well as aesthetics?

Enlightenment

Visual Literacy

Learning to view images critically

Sketchbook

Offer a glimpse of the early steps in the creative process, may be accompanied by notes

Preliminary drawings

Initial designs that will eventually become the final work of art.

Copyright

The legal right to reproduce, publish, or preform a work or intellectual property.

Appropriation

Taking someone’s art as your own for the same purpose.

Representational Art

Art that shows the visible world in a way that we recognize likeness. Depicts forms of the natural world.

Naturalistic Art

Art that depicts objects, people, and landscapes with a high degree of visual accuracy, closely matching how they appear in the real world.

Abstract Art

Art in which the forms of the visual world are purposefully simplified, fragmented, or otherwise distorted.

Nonrepresentational or Nonobjective Art

Art that does not represent or otherwise refer to the visible world outside itself. Conveys meaning through the elements of art itself. Hard to understand.

Form

The physical appearance of a work of art

Style

A distinctive, recognizable ensemble of recurring characteristics

Woodcut

A relief printmaking method in which a block of wood is carved so as to leave the image areas raised from the background

Iconography

The identification, description, and interpretation of subject matter in art. The hidden meaning behind objects in a work of art.

Iconoclasm

The deliberate destruction, defacement, or rejection of religious icons, artworks, and monuments.

Triptych

Composition consisting of three panels side by side, generally hinged in a way that the outer two panels can close like shutters over the central one.

Landscapes

Images that represent a view of the natural world

Earthwork

A work of art made in the earth itself or created with natural materials placed into nature.

Line-Visual Elements

A path traced by a moving point. Outline, Contour Line. Line directs our eyes and suggest movement.

Shape

Two-dimensional form, and any two-dimensional image in a system of interlocking shapes. Occupies an area with identifiable boundaries.

Mass

3-dimensional form that occupies a volume of space.

Geometric shapes/masses

Regular shapes. Square, triangle, circle, pyramid, sphere.

Organic shape/mass

Irregular forms that evoke the living forms of nature.

Figure/Positive shape

Shape the contents of a painting make, the main area

Ground/Negative shape

Complementary shape created by the background of a shape.

Light

Real and Implied. In the actual environment or the appearance of light is made.

Value

The relative lightness or darkness of a hue, or of a neutral varying from white to black.

Chiaroscuro

Italian art term meaning "light-dark" that describes the striking contrast between light and shadow in a painting, drawing, or photograph to create the illusion of volume, depth, and drama.

Father of Chiaroscuro

Caravaggio

Hatching

Closely spaced parallel lines that mix optically to suggest values.

Cross-hatching

Laying additional lines a top the first set of lines.

Stippling

A pattern of closely spaced dots or small marks used to create a sense of three-dimensionality on a flat surface

Optical color mixture

The tendency of the eyes to blend patches of individual colors placed near one another so as to perceive a different, combined color.

Hue

The “family name” of a color, independent of its particular value or saturation.

Value

The relative lightness or darkness of a hue, or of a neutral varying from white to black.

Tint

A color lighter than a hue’s normal value. Pink is a tint of red.

Shade

A color darker than a hue’s normal value. Maroon is a shade of red.

Intensity/Chroma/Saturation

Refers to the relative purity of a color, as they appear on the color wheel. High intensity.

Mesoamerican’s used what plant to create Maya blue?

Añil plant and local clay

The red color Dragons blood created from what?

Sap of trees of the dracena family.

Ultramarine is made from what mineral?

Lapis lazuli

Monochromatic

Having only one color. Descriptive of work in which one hue—perhaps with variations of value and intensity. Understood as tranquil and spiritual.

Complementary Color Scheme

On a color wheel, complementary hues are situated directly opposite each other. React with each other more intensely.

Analogous Color Scheme

Colors adjacent to one another on the color wheel. Create a calm introspective feeling for mourners, as cool colors are thought to have calming effects.

Simultaneous Contrast

The perceptual phenomenon whereby complementary colors appear most brilliant when set side by side.

Warmer hues seem to ______

Advance

Cooler hues seem to ______

Recede

Foreground

Objects in the front of the painting

Actual Texture

Real texture that we can experience through touch.

Visual Texture

Implied texture that is suggested through technique.

Still-life

A painting or some other two-dimensional work in which the subject matter is an arrangement of objects—fruit, flowers, tableware, pottery, and so forth—brought together for their pleasing contrasts of shape, color, and texture. Also, the arrangement of objects itself.

Pattern

Any decorative, repetitive motif or design.

3D Space

Actual space occupied by an object.

Implied Space

Suggested depth in 2D work. Linear perspective, foreshortening, atmospheric perspective, isometric perspective

Kinetic Art

Art that moves

Unity

A sense of oneness, things belonging together and making up a coherent whole. Repetition.

Variety

Difference, which provides interest. Various colors.

Conceptual Unity

Unity created through ideas

Visual Weight

The apparent “heaviness” or “lightness” of the forms arranged in a composition, as gauged by how insistently they draw the viewer's eye. Balance

Symmetrical Balance

Descriptive of a design in which the two halves of a composition on either side of an imaginary central vertical axis correspond to each other in size, shape, and placement.

Emphasis

Drawn to certain parts of a composition more than others.

Subordination

Areas of a composition that are deliberately made less visually interesting so that areas of emphasis stand out.

Scale

Size in relation to standard or normal size

Proportion

Size relationship between parts of a whole, or between 2 or more items perceived.

Gesture drawing

Done quickly based on observing shapes and movements.

Pigment

A coloring material made from various organic or chemical substances. When mixed with a binder, it creates a drawing or painting medium.

Binder

A substance in paints that causes particles of pigment to adhere to one another and to a support. Allows it to be shaped for dry media and suspended in fluid for liquid media.

Graphite-Dry Media

Crystalline form of carbon discovered in 16th century. Occurs naturally and leaves a trail of dark gray particles with a slight sheen. Varying amounts of clay allow a range of hardness with the pencils. Softer pencils are darker and richer with minimal amounts of clay. Harder pencils are lighter and have more clay.

Metalpoint-Dry Media

Ancestor of graphite, popular during the Renaissance. Lines cannot be easily changed or erased. Drawing medium is a thin wire made of soft metal, like silver. Characterized by a fine, delicate line of uniform width. When used on a specially prepared ground it leaves behind a trail of metal particles that tarnish to a pale gray. Fine hatching and cross-hatching.

Charcoal-Dry media

Charred wood. Made from vine or willow twigs. Compressed charcoal is more dense and durable for more detailed work.

Chalk-Dry Media

Soft, white limestone. Black chalk(carbon and clay), red chalk(iron oxide clay) , and white chalk(calcite or calcium).

Crayons-Dry Media

Made of pigment and a greasy, waxy binder.

Pastel-Dry Media

Pigment bound with a non-greasy binder. Allows for blending.

Conté Crayon-Dry Media

Compressed pigment compounded with clay and a small amount of greasy binder.

Pen and Ink-Liquid Media

Ink is ultra fine particles of pigment suspended in water. Gum Arabic is used as a binder to hold the particles in place. Black and brown predominate. Pen with nib is used to draw.

Wash

Ink or watercolor paint thinned so as to flow freely onto a support. Ink diluted with water.

Brush and Ink-Liquid Media

Brushes are used to apply the ink in lines of
varying thickness and texture. Artists may also use brushes to apply a wash, or ink that is thinned by water.

Collage

From the French for “glue,” the practice of pasting shapes cut from such real-world sources as magazines, newspapers, wallpaper, and fabric onto a surface. Also, a work of art made in this way. AKA Papier collé.

Medium/Vehicle

1. The material from which a work of art is made. 2. A standard category of art such as painting or sculpture. 3. A liquid compounded with pigment to make paint, also called a vehicle and often acting as a binder.

Watercolor

Aqueous medium. A painting medium in which the binder is gum arabic.

Support

Canvas, paper, wood panel, wall, or other surface that artist applies paint.

Ground/Primer

Preliminary coating to improve adhesion of paint.

Encaustic

Painting medium in which the binder is wax and resin, which is heated to render the paints fluid. Heat source may be passed to fuse colors. Saturated permanent colors. Forgotten after the fall of the Roman Empire. Contemporary artist turn to this method for its durability and richly textured paint surface.

Fresco

A painting medium in which colors are applied to a plaster ground, usually a wall (mural) or a ceiling coated in lime-based plaster. Requires careful planning and physical labor. Only way to fix is let dry and chip away and start again.