Art ot Massage

Effleurage

• Light sliding movement (stroking or circular) on the skin

• Performed using cushions of fingers or palms of hands

• Slow, continuous rhythmic movement

• Relaxing effect on nerves and muscles, softens skin

• most relaxing of massage manipulations

• First and Last step

Petrissage

• Light, firm, kneading movement

• Performed using squeezing, pinching, or rolling movement

• Slow, smooth, rhythmic movement

• Relaxing effect on muscles and nerves

• Deeper stimulation than Effleurage

• Increases blood and lymph circulation and improves glandular activity

Friction

• Deep rubbing, rolling, wringing, or chucking movement

• Performed on surface skin tissue, causing it to move over the tissue below

• Performed using fingertips or palms of hands

• Lighter circular movements on face

• More pressure circular movements on hands and arms

• Muscles and nerves relaxed, skin is softened

• Blood and lymph circulation and glandular activity increased

Vibration

• Highly stimulating movement

• Used on a limited area for a short amount of time

• Very stimulating on nerves

• Can produce muscle contractions

Tapotement

• Percussion movement

• Uses the fingertips, palms, or edge of hands

• Fingertips used for light percussion on the face

• Hacking movement: Used on shoulders and back

• Care should be observed to avoid discomfort

• Stimulates muscle and nerves Deeper stimulation tissues, increases blood flow, lymph, and glandular activity

Scalp Massage

• Stimulates hair growth, rejuvenates the scalp, rods the scalp of buildup, promotes blood circulation, alleviates stress, etc.

• Firm pressure is necessary to help circulate blood flow, relax muscles, and penetrate hair follicles

Facial Massage

• Stimulate, relax, or break down the tissues

• Tempo or rhythm is necessary

Foot Massage

• Stimulates, relaxes, improves blood circulation, helps with cramping or the leg, etc.

• Can handle firmer massage

Hand and Arm Massage

• Stimulates, relaxes, improves blood circulation, helps with dry skin, improves hand and wrists range of motion

• Can handle a firmer massage

Effects of Massage on Nerves and Muscles

• Relaxing effect

• Relieve tension

• Stimulates nerves

Motor Nerve Points

The point where a nerve enters a muscle and is closest to the skin

Facial Nerve

Controls muscles of facial expressions

Trifacial Nerve

Controls chewing muscles of the jaw

Accessory Nerve

Controls muscles of the neck

Three Major Cranial Nerves Affected by Massage in the Head, Face, Neck

• Facial

• Trifacial

• Accessory

Origin

Fixed attachment, attached to bone or other tissue making movement minimal

Insertion

Movable attachment, attached to another muscle or movable bone making movement greater

Insertion to the origin

Always massage this way as it will help to firm up muscle tissue

Origin to Insertion

Do not massage this way as it can stretch the muscle tissue and cause muscles and skin to sag

The Skeletal System

• Made of bones and cartilage

• Support the body, serve as attachment to voluntary muscles, protect the internal organs from injury, aid in bodily movement, and store minerals

• Important role in formation of blood cells

Osteology

The scientific study of the bone

Os

Technical term for bone

Bone composition

1/3 organic, or animal, matter; 2/3 inorganic, or mineral, matter

Cartilage

Tough, elastic substance similar to bone but lacking the full mineral content

• Between bone

• Found in joints to protect the bones

• Helps give shape to certain features, ex: nose, ears

Ligaments

Very strong, dense connective tissue that connect or link bones

• Support bones at the joints

Joints

Formed anytime two bones or a bone and catalogue meet

• classified as movable, immovable

Bones of the Skull

Can be divided into two parts: Cranium and Facial skeleton

Cranium

Made of eight bones, serves to encase and protect the brain

Frontal

Forma the forehead

Sphenoid

Extends from the roof of the eye sockets to near the middle of the skull

Parietal

Two bones that form the sides and top crown of the cranium

Occipital

Form the nape region of the head

Ethmoid

Forms the nasal cavities

Temporal

Two bones that make up the side of the head

Maxillae

Two bones that form the upper jaw

Nasal

Two bones that form the upper bridge of the nose

Vomer

Form the lower dividing wall of the nose

Lacrimal

Contains the canals with tear ducts and the smallest bones in the facial skeleton

Palatine

Two bones that form the floor of the eye sockets and roof of the mouth

Zygomatic

Two bones that form the cheeks

Mandible

The largest bone of the facial skeleton and the strongest of the face

Bones of the Neck

Made up of seven cervical vertebrae

Hyoid

Also known as the Adam’s apple; Small shaped bone found in the front portion of the neck

Rib cage

Protects the heart, lungs, and other vital organs from injury

• there are 24 bones

Sternum

Breastbone

Bones of the Foot and Ankle

There are 26 bones in the ___, ¼ of bones in the body are in this part of the body

Phalanges

Bones of the toe

Metatarsals

Long bones connected to toe and midfoot

Midfoot

Has 4 irregularly shaped tarsal bones which form the foot’s arch

Hindfoot

Composed of 3 joints and links midfoot to ankle (talus) which connects to the leg bones (tibia and fibula)

Clavicle

Collarbone

Scapula

Shoulder blade

The arm is made up of three bones

• Humerus

• Ulna

• Radius

Humerus

Located between the shoulder and elbow

Ulna

Largest bone located on the little finger side of the forearm

Radius

Smaller bone located on the thumb side of the forearm

Hand consists of

• 19 bones

• 5 bones make up palm of hand; Metacarpal bones, numbered 1-5

• 14 finger bones called Phalanges

• Each finger contains 3 phalanges; each thumb has 2

The Muscular System

• Covers, shapes, and supports the skeleton

• Responsible for all bodily movement

• Make up about 40% of total body weight

Tendons

Connect skeletal muscles to bones

Belly

Center of the muscle

Anterior

Before or in front of

Depressor

Draws down or depresses

Dilator

Enlarges or expands

Inferior

Smaller, located below or in a lower position

Levator

Lifts

Posterior

Behind or in back of

Superior

Larger, located above or in a higher position

Myology

Scientific study of the muscular system

Voluntary Muscle Tissue

Also called skeletal or striated/ stripped muscle tissue

• controlled by central, or cerebrospinal, nervous system

• Responsible for bodily movement

Involuntary Muscle Tissie

Also called non striated/ smooth muscle tissue

• Controls internal bodily functions, ex: digestion

• Controlled by autonomic/ sympathetic nervous system

Cardiac muscle tissue

Found only in the heart

• Resembles both voluntary and involuntary muscle tissue

• Controlled by the autonomic/ sympathetic nervous system

Epicranius

A broad pair of muscles covering the entire top of the skull (forehead to the nape)

Frontalis

Covers the forehead

Occipitalis

Located in the nape region

Masseter

Function is to close the jaw

Temporalis

Located above and in front of the ear region

Auricularis

Located in front of the ear

Auricularis Superior

Located above the ear

Auricularis Posterior

Located behind the ear

Muscles of the Eye and Nose

• Contains many small muscles

• Aids in facial expression and movement of the eyelid

Corrugator

Muscle that covers the eyebrow

Orbicularis Oculi

Circular band of muscle tissue surrounding the margin of the eye socket, function is to close the eyelid

Levator Palpebrae Superior

Located above the upper eyelid, function is to raise the upper eyelid

Procerus

Covers the bridge of the nose, function is to draw down the eyebrows

Muscles of the Mouth

Aid in facial expression, speech formation, and overall ___ movements

Zygomaticus

Located outside the corner of the mouth

• Function is to draw the angle of the mouth back and up (ex: laughing)

Buccinator

Located between the upper and lower jaw in the cheek, function is to compress the cheeks and expel air (ex: blowing)

Mentalis

Located in the tip of the chin, function is to push up the lower lip (ex: pouting)

Orbicularis Oris

Band of muscle tissue around the mouth, function is to compress and contract the lips (ex: kissing)

Muscles of the Neck

Movement of the head is caused by these muscles

Trapezius

Muscle located in the occipital area covering the back of the neck and up, function is to draw the head backward and rotate the shoulder blades

Strenocleidomastoid

Located on the side of the neck (from behind the ear to the collarbone), function is to draw the head to the side or cause a nodding motion when both muscles are used in sync

Platysma

Covering the front of the neck (chin down to the chest), function is to depress the lower jaw and lip

Deltoid

Large triangular muscle covering shoulder, function is to lift and bend the arm

Biceps Branchii

Two-headed muscle of the upper arm, function is to bend the arm

Triceps Branchii

The-headed muscle in the back of upper arm, function is to extend the forearm

Pronator

Located in the forearm, function is to turn the palm downward

Supinator

Located in the forearm, function is to bend the wrist and turn the palm upward

Flexor

Located in the forearm, function is to bend the wrist and draw the hand upward

Extensor

Muscle or the forearm, function is to keep the wrist and hand in a straight line