anatomy2exam2

WHAT IS THE NORMAL RANGE OF A RED BLOOD CELL COUNT IN AN ANEMIC FEMALE(ANSWER IN CELLS per mm3)?

< 4.3 Million PER mm3

WHAT IS THE NORMAL RANGE OF A RED BLOOD CELL COUNT IN AN ANEMIC MALE(ANSWER IN CELLS per mm3)?

< 4.5 Million PER mm3

WHAT IS THE NORMAL RANGE OF A RED BLOOD CELL COUNT IN A HEALTHY FEMALE(ANSWER IN CELLS per mm3)?

4.3- 5.5 X 10 6 PER mm3

WHAT IS THE NORMAL RANGE OF A RED BLOOD CELL COUNT IN A HEALTHY MALE(ANSWER IN CELLS per mm3)?

4.5- 6.0 X 10 6 PER mm3

WHAT IS THE RANGE OF TOTAL LEUKOCYTES IN A HEALTHY PERSON(ANSWER IN CELLS per mm3)?

5,000- 10,000 PER mm3

WHAT IS THE PERCENTAGE OF THE AMERICAN POPULATION WITH TYPE A BLOOD

ABO Blood Type Population%'s TYPE A- 39%

WHAT IS THE PERCENTAGE OF THE AMERICAN POPULATION WITH TYPE AB BLOOD

ABO Blood Type Population%'s TYPE AB- 4%

WHAT IS THE PERCENTAGE OF THE AMERICAN POPULATION WITH TYPE B BLOOD

ABO Blood Type Population%'s TYPE B- 12%

WHAT IS THE PERCENTAGE OF THE AMERICAN POPULATION WITH TYPE O BLOOD

ABO Blood Type Population%'s TYPE O- 45%

NAME ONE FUNCTION OF HDL CHOLESTEROL

ACTS AS A SCAVENGER OF CHOLESTEROL IN THE BLOOD

GIVE ANOTHER NAME FOR AN ANTIBODY

Agglutinin

A PERSON WITH TYPE B AGGLUTINOGENS HAS WHICH TYPE OF AGGLUTININS IN THEIR BLOOD

AGGLUTININ A

A PERSON WITH TYPE A AGGLUTINOGENS HAS WHICH TYPE OF AGGLUTININS IN THEIR BLOOD

AGGLUTININ B

GIVE ANOTHER NAME FOR AN ANTIGEN

Agglutinogen

__________ ARE LEUKOCYTES THAT HAVE SPHERICAL, OVAL OR KIDNEY SHAPED NUCLEI AND NO GRANULES

Agranulocytes/ Agranulytic

NAME ONE OF THE TWO TYPES OF AGRANULOCYTES

Agranulocytes/Agranular Leukocytes- Lymphocytes/ Monocytes

LEUKOCYTES WANDER THROUGH THE BODY BY___________ TO REACH SITES OF INFLAMMATON OR TISSUE DESTRUCTION

Ameboid Motion

____________ INDICATES A DECREASED OXYGEN-CARRYING CAPACITY OF BLOOD

Anemia

PLASMA PROTEINS THAT REACT WITH RBC'S ANTIGENS CAUSING CLUMPING/ AGGLUTINATION ARE CALLED?

Antibodies/ Agglutinins

SPECIFIC GLYCOPROTEINS ON THE OUTER SURFACE OF THE RBC PLASMA MEMBRANE THAT ARE PART OF THE ABO BLOOD TYPING CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM ARE CALLED?

Antigens/ Agglutinogens

THE OPTIMUM SERUM CHOLESTEROL LEVEL FOR A NORMAL MIDDLE AGED MALE IS________________ mg/dl

ANYTHING LESS THAN 200 mg/dl

NAME ONE TYPE OF ARTIFICIAL BLOOD

Artificial Blood- Fluosol/ Neohemocytes

__________ IS THE DISEASE PROCESS IN WHICH THE BODY'S BLOOD VESSELS BECOMEINCREASINGLY OCCLUDED BY PLAQUES

Atherosclerosis

WHAT CAUSES ATHEROSCLEROSIS

ATHEROSCLEROSIS- CAUSED BY EXCESS LDL/ LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN DEPOSITION ON BLOOD VESSEL WALLS

DEFINE: ATHEROSCLEROSIS

ATHEROSCLEROSIS- OCCLUSION OF BLOOD VESSELS BY PLAQUES

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF B LYMPHOCYTES?

B Lymphocte- Make Plasma cells which make Antibodies, make memory b cells

NAME ONE CELL B LYMPHOCYTES DIFFERENTIATE INTO

B Lymphocte- Plasma cells/ Memory B cells

WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THE LEUKOCYTE POPULATION DO BASOPHILS MAKE UP?

Basophil <1%

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF BASOPHILS?

Basophil- granules contain vasodilator histamine/ mediate inflammatory response

DEFINE: BLEEDING TIME

BLEEDING TIME- AFTER PRICKING A FINGER OR EARLOBE, THE AMOUNT OF TIME IT TAKES TO STOP BLEEDING/ 0-7 MINUTE RANGE

IS A PROTECTIVE MECHANISM THAT MINIMIZES BLOOD LOSS WHEN BLOOD VESSELS ARE RUPTURED

Blood Clotting/ Coagulation

A DONOR WITH TYPE BLOOD AB CAN DONATE BLOOD TO WHAT BLOOD TYPE RECIPIENT

BLOOD TYPE AB ONLY

A DONOR WITH TYPE BLOOD A CAN DONATE BLOOD TO WHAT BLOOD TYPE RECIPIENT

BLOOD TYPES A, AB

A DONOR WITH TYPE BLOOD B CAN DONATE BLOOD TO WHAT BLOOD TYPE RECIPIENT

BLOOD TYPES B, AB

A DONOR WITH TYPE BLOOD O CAN DONATE BLOOD TO WHAT BLOOD TYPE RECIPIENT

BLOOD TYPES O, A, B, AB(UNIVERSAL DONOR)

____________ IS A SYSTEM OF BLOOD CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE PRESENCE OF SPECIFIC GLYCOPROTEINS ON THE OUTER SURFACE OF THE RBC PLASMA MEMBRANE

Blood Typing

A PERSON WITH TYPE O AGGLUTINOGENS HAS WHICH TYPE OF AGGLUTININS IN THEIR BLOOD

BOTH AGGLUTININ A AND B

__________ IS A MAJOR COMPONENT OF SMOOTH MUSCLE PLAQUES FORMED DURING ATHEROSCLEROSIS

Cholesterol

GIVE ONE FUNCTION OF CHOLESTEROL

Cholesterol- Structural material in cell parts& cell membranes(to control fluidity)/ furnishes molecular components for syntesis of sex hormones/ steroids, used by liver to produce bile salts/ high concentration of myelin of CNS

WHAT ARE THE TWO MAIN CONSTITUENTS OF WHOLE BLOOD?

Composition of blood- Plasma and Formed Elements

NAME ONE FUNCTION OF LDL CHOLESTEROL

DELIVERS CHOLESTEROL/ TRIGLYCERIDES TO CELLS/ DEPOSIT CHOLESTEROL ON BLOOD VESSEL WALLS

NAME ONE FUNCTION OF VLDL CHOLESTEROL

DELIVERS CHOLESTEROL/ TRIGLYCERIDES TO CELLS/ DEPOSIT CHOLESTEROL ON BLOOD VESSEL WALLS

___________ IS A PROCESS BY WHICH LEUKOCYTES HAVE THE ABILITY OF TO MOVE IN AND OUT OF BLOOD VESSELS

Diapedesis

NAME ONE FACTOR THAT AFFECTS THE CHOLESTEROL LEVEL IN YOUR BODY.

DIET/ ILLNESS/ DRUGS/ WEIGHT CHANGE/ GENETICS

A RECIPIENT WITH BLOOD TYPE B CANNOT RECEIVE BLOOD FROM A DONOR WITH BLOOD TYPE

DONOR A AND AB

A RECIPIENT WITH BLOOD TYPE A CANNOT RECEIVE BLOOD FROM A DONOR WITH BLOOD TYPE

DONOR B OR AB

A RECIPIENT WITH BLOOD TYPE O CAN RECEIVE BLOOD FROM A DONOR WITH BLOOD TYPE

DONOR O

NAME ONE ENDOGENOUS SOURCE OF CHOLESTEROL

Endogenous Sources- Acetyl coenzyme A/ glucose/ fatty acids

WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THE LEUKOCYTE POPULATION DO EOSINOPHILS MAKE UP?

Eosinophil- 2-4%

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF EOSINOPHILS

Eosinophil- Counterattacking parasitic worms/ complex roles in allergies and asthma

____________ IS A HEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF THE NEWBORN

Erythroblastosis Fetalis

WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FETALIS?

Erythroblastosis Fetalis Treatment- The infant's Rh+ blood is removed and replaced with Rh- blood from a unsensitized donor.

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF RED BLOOD CELLS?

Erythrocytes/ Red Blood Cells(RBC)- Transport oxygen/ CO2

NAME ONE EXOGENOUS SOURCE OF CHOLESTEROL

Exogenous Sources- liver/ egg yolk/ brain/ whole milk/ butter/ cheese/ meats

FIBRINOGEN IS THE SOLUBLE FORM OF WHAT PROTEIN?

Fibrin

____________ IS ENZIMATICALLY PRECIPATED INTO INSOLUBLE FIBRIN

Fibrinogen

A WHITE MILKY SOLUTION OF ARTIFICIAL BLOOD CAPABLE OF CARRYING TWICE AS MUCH OXYGEN AS BLOOD IS CALLED

Fluosol

WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THE BLOOD IS COMPOSED OF FORMED ELEMENTS?

Formed Elements- 45%

NAME ONE OF THE FORMED ELEMENTS OF BLOOD

Formed elements- Rbc/ Wbc/ Platlets

__________ ARE LEUKOCYTES THAT HAVE PECULIARLY SHAPED NUCLEI AND GRANULES

Granulocytes/ Granulytic

THE ETCHED SLIDE USED TO COUNT CELLS IS CALLED

Hemacytometer

WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE SLIDE USED IN LAB THAT IS SPECIALIZED FOR CELL COUNTING?

Hemacytometer

THE COUNTING OF CELLS IS CALLED

Hemacytometry

DURING WHAT BLOOD ACTIVITY WERE TUBES USED TO MEASURE PCV?

Hematocrit tubes/ microhematocrits

THE CENTRIFUGING OF WHOLE BLOOD TO SEPARATE INTO IT'S CONSTITUENT PARTS IN A TEST TUBE IS CALLED

Hematocrit/ Packed Cell Volume(PCV)

THE STEM CELL FOR ALL BLOOD CELL FORMATION IS CALLED A

Hemocytoblast

GIVE THE ANATOMICAL TERM FOR BLOOD CLOTTING/ COAGULATION

Hemostasis

WHAT DOES THE ABBREVIATION"HDL" STAND FOR?

HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN

CHOLESTEROL BOUND INTO _ IS DESTINED TO BE DEGRADED BY THE LIVER AND THEN ELIMINATED FORM THE BODY

High-density Lipoproteins(HDL)

DEFINE: LEUKEMIA

Leukemia- A malignant disorder of the lymphoid tissues

GIVE ONE OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF LEUKEMIA

Leukemia- Uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal WBC's/ reduction in number of RBC's and platelets

WHAT IS THE NORMAL RANGE OF A WHITE BLOOD CELLS COUNT IN HUMANS(ANSWER IN CELLS per mm3)?

Leukocytes/ White blood Cells(WBC)- 4800-10800 PER mm3

GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF ONE GRANULOCYTE AND ONE AGRANULOCYTE

Leukocytes/ White blood Cells(WBC)- Granulocytes, Eosinophils/ Basophils/ Neutrophils, Agranulocytes, Monocytes(Macrophages)/ Lymphocyte

DEFINE: LEUKOCYTOSIS

LEUKOCYTOSIS- ABNORMALLY HIGH WBC/ WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNT

NAME ONE CAUSE OF LEUKOCYTOSIS

LEUKOCYTOSIS- CAUSED BY BACTERIAL/ VIRAL INFECTION/ METABOLIC DISEASE/ HEMHORRAGE/ POISONING BY DRUGS OR CHEMICALS

DEFINE: LEUKOPENIA

LEUKOPENIA- DECREASE IN WBC'S BELOW NORMAL/

WHAT(NON-DISEASE) EXPOSURES MAY BE INDICATED BY THE PRESCENCE OF LEUKOPENIA?

Leukopenia- Excessive antibiotics/ X-ray therapy

LEUKOPENIA MAY INDICATE WHAT DISEASES(NAME ONLY ONE)?

Leukopenia- Typhoid fever, measles, infectious hepatitis, or tuberculosis

NAME 1 FACTOR AFFECTING LOCAL BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE SKIN

LOCAL METABOLITES/ OXYGEN SUPPLY/ LOCAL TEMPERATURE/ AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM IMPULSES/ BLOOD VESSEL CONSTRICTION/DILATION(LOCAL VASCULAR REFLEXES)/ HORMONES/ SUBSTANCES RELEASED BY INJURED TISSUES

WHAT DOES THE ABBREVIATION"LDL" STAND FOR?

LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN

CHOLESTEROL BOUND INTO__________ TRAVELS TO THE BODY'S TISSUES AND WHEN LEVELS ARE HIGH WILL DEPOSIT CHOLESTEROL ON BLOOD VESSEL WALLS

Low-Density Lipoprotein(LDL)

WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THE LEUKOCYTE POPULATION DO LYMPHOCYTES MAKE UP?

Lymphocyte- 25%+

NAME ONE OF THE TWO TYPES OF LYMPHOCYTES

Lymphocyte- T or B Lymphocytes(take as well: memory, supressor, helper, plasma, killer)

___________ ARE LARGE MULTINUCLEATE CELLS FORMED IN THE BONE MARROW FROM WHICH PLATLETS DEVELOP

Megakaryocytes

WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THE LYMPHOCYTE POPULATION DO MONOCYTE MAKE UP?

Monocyte- 3-8%

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF MONOCYTE?

Monocyte- Active phagocytes/ increase dramatically during infections such as tuberculoisis

ARTIFICIAL RED BLOOD CELLS THAT CONSISIT OF MICROSCOPIC SPHERES OF HEMOGLOBIN SURROUNDED BY LIPIDS WITH THE CAPACITY TO CARRY OXYGEN ARE CALLED_____________

Neohemocytes

WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THE LEUKOCYTE POPULATION DO NEUTROPHILS MAKE UP?

Neutrophil- 50-70%

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF NEUTROPHILS?

Neutrophil- Active Phagocyte, numbers increase during infections

A PERSON WITH TYPE AB AGGLUTINOGENS HAS WHICH TYPE OF AGGLUTININS IN THEIR BLOOD

None

WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THE BLOOD IS COMPOSED OF PLASMA?

Plasma- 55%

WHAT PERCENTAGE OF THE PLASMA IS COMPOSED OF WATER?

Plasma- 90% water

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF PLASMA CELLS?

Plasma cells- Produce antibodies/ agglutinins

PLATLETES RELEASE_____________ DURING COAGULATION

Platelet Factor 3(PF3)

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF PLATELETS?

Platelets- Seals tears in blood vessels/ blood clotting

APPROXIMATELY HOW MANY PLATELETS ARE FOUND PER mm3 OF BLOOD?

Platlets- 250,000- 400, 000 PER mm3

THE INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF RBC'S IS CALLED___________

Polycythemia

TF3, PF3 WITH CLOTTING FACTORS AND CALCIUM FORM________

Prothrombin Activator

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF A BLOOD SMEAR?

PROVIDES DIAGNOSTIC INFORMATION ON BLOOD DISEASES

WHAT IS THE NORMAL LIFE SPAN OF RBC'S?

RBC lifespan- 100-120 DAYS