L15: Energy for migration

0.0(0)
Studied by 0 people
call kaiCall Kai
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
GameKnowt Play
Card Sorting

1/19

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

20 Terms

1
New cards

What is migration

“Seasonal round-trip movement between discrete areas not used at other times of the year” (Berger, 2004)

<p>“Seasonal round-trip movement between discrete areas not used at other times of the year” (Berger, 2004)</p>
2
New cards

Where do these animals migrate to?

  1. Warmer latitude

  • south if they’re if they’re in the northern hemisphere, vice versa

  1. Migrated to an area with greater rainfall during dry seasons → ↑ availability of vegetation and water


3
New cards

Which groups of mammals migrate?

  • Gregarious/social herbivores

  • Solitary/asocial herbivores

  • Solitary/asocial carnivores

  • Gregarious/social carnivores

  • Marine/aquatic mammals (mostly gregarious)


4
New cards

Examples of gregarious/social herbivores

  • mating is often preceded or proceeded by migration


<ul><li><p>mating is often preceded or proceeded by migration</p></li></ul><p></p>
5
New cards

Example of solitary/asocial herbivores

knowt flashcard image
6
New cards

Example of solitary/asocial carnivores

knowt flashcard image
7
New cards

Example of gregarious/social carnivores

knowt flashcard image
8
New cards

Example of marine/aquatic mammals

knowt flashcard image
9
New cards

Human impact on mammalian migration

Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem

  • Bison: 100% of migration routes lost

  • Pronghorn: 80% of migration routes lost

  • Elk: 60% of migration routes los


<p>Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem</p><ul><li><p>Bison: 100% of migration routes lost</p></li><li><p>Pronghorn: 80% of migration routes lost</p></li><li><p>Elk: 60% of migration routes los</p></li></ul><p></p>
10
New cards

Types of avian migration:

  1. Complete

  2. Partial

  3. Irruptive


11
New cards

Avian migration: complete

  • All members of a species migrate to/from the breeding grounds

  • Most species breed in the Northern hemisphere


<ul><li><p>All members of a species migrate to/from the breeding grounds</p></li><li><p>Most species breed in the Northern hemisphere</p></li></ul><p></p>
12
New cards

Avian migration: partial

  • Some members of a species migrate to/from breeding grounds

  • may perform ‘leapfrog’ migration


<ul><li><p>Some members of a species migrate to/from breeding grounds</p></li><li><p>may perform ‘leapfrog’ migration</p></li></ul><p></p>
13
New cards

Avian migration: Irruptive

  • almost migration

  • food may be available some years, but not available other years; seed crops can fail

  • small mammal populations may be low


<ul><li><p>almost migration</p></li><li><p>food may be available some years, but not available other years; seed crops can fail</p></li></ul><ul><li><p>small mammal populations may be low</p></li></ul><p></p>
14
New cards

Times of avian migration:

  1. Daytime flying

  2. Nighttime flying

  3. Nonstop flight


15
New cards

Avian migration: daytime flying

  • Rely on rising air from thermal currents

  • This eases the energy requirements for flight


<ul><li><p>Rely on rising air from thermal currents</p></li><li><p>This eases the energy requirements for flight</p></li></ul><p></p>
16
New cards

Avian migration: nighttime flying

  • Foraging time (fat deposition) is maximized

  • Navigate using star alignments


17
New cards

Avian migration: nonstop flying

  • May double their BW prior to flight

  • Can fly for up to 4 days straight


<ul><li><p>May double their BW prior to flight</p></li><li><p>Can fly for up to 4 days straight</p></li></ul><p></p>
18
New cards

Modes of avian migration:

  1. air

  2. land

  3. water


19
New cards

Modes of avian migration: land

  • flightless birds (rattites, penguins) will migrated by land


<ul><li><p>flightless birds (rattites, penguins) will migrated by land</p></li></ul><p></p>
20
New cards

Mode of avian migration: water

  • penguins and auks will migrated by water


<ul><li><p>penguins and auks will migrated by water</p></li></ul><p></p>