Chapter 10 Review- America Claims an Empire

imperialism

What is the policy in which stronger nations extend economic, political, or military control over weaker territories called?

1. a desire for military strength

2. a thirst for new markets

3. a belief in the cultural superiority of American culture

What were three reasons Americans supported imperialism?

Admiral Alfred T. Mahan

Who urged the United States to construct many new battleships, transforming the nation into the world's third largest naval power?

To find markets for their products and raw materials for their factories

Why did the U.S. need foreign trade in the late 1800s?

Their culture and Christian religion

What did many Americans feel they had a duty to spread among other people all over the world?

William Seward

Who was the U.S. Secretary of State that purchased Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million in 1867?

American businessmen

Who established the sugar plantations in Hawaii in the 1800s?

1875

When did the United States agree to import Hawaiian sugar duty-free?

Nine times

How much did Hawaiian sugar production increase over the next 15 years after the United States agreed to import Hawaiian sugar duty-free?

The duty on their sugar imposed by the McKinley Tariff

What caused a crisis for Hawaiian sugar growers after 15 years of increased production?

Annexation of Hawaii by the U.S.

What did the powerful Hawaiian sugar growers call for in response to the McKinley Tariff crisis?

American business groups

Who organized the revolt against Queen Liliuokalani in Hawaii?

The U.S. ambassador John L. Stevens

Who helped the American business groups in their revolt against the Hawaiian queen?

Sanford B. Dole

What American businessman became president of the new government of Hawaii after the queen was pushed out?

William McKinley

What president favored annexation of Hawaii and made it a U.S. territory in 1898?

1. American business groups organized a revolt against the Hawaiian queen.

2. U.S. business leaders took control of the country.

3. In 1898, President McKinley annexed the Hawaii and it became a U.S. territory.

How did Hawaiians lose control of their land?

Pearl Harbor

Where did U.S. military and economic leaders pressure Hawaii to allow the United States to build a naval base in 1887?

1868

In what year did Cubans fight their first war for independence from Spain?

Sugar cane plantations

What did United States capitalists heavily invest in after the first war for independence?

Jose Marti

Who was the leader of the second war for independence against Spain in 1895?

Join their cause

What did the rebels want the United States to do during the second war for independence?

To keep their investments safe

Why did some Americans want to support Spain during the second war for independence?

To help them win their freedom from Spain

Why did some Americans want to help the Cuban people during the second war for independence?

General Valeriano Weyler

Who led the Spanish army to restore order in Cuba in 1896?

To make them prisoners in concentration camps

Why did General Weyler round up the rural population of central and western Cuba?

They sensationalized the events

What did newspapers in New York do to the story of the concentration camps in Cuba?

Sensationalized and exaggerated reporting of news

What is Yellow journalism?

A letter from a Spanish diplomat that insulted McKinley.

What was the de Lôme letter?

They were angry about the criticism of McKinley

How did Americans react to the de Lôme letter?

To protect American lives and property

Why was the U.S.S. Maine stationed in Cuba?

It exploded and sank

What happened to the U.S.S. Maine on February 15, 1898?

Spain

Who did newspapers blame for the for the explosion and sinking of the U.S.S. Maine?

1. the sinking of the U.S.S. Maine

2. the publication of the de lome letter

What two events led Americans to call for war against Spain?

1898

When did the United States go to war with Spain?

A Spanish colony

What was the status of the Philippines before the Spanish-American War?

George Dewey

Who was the naval commander who led the American forces that steamed into Manila Bay in the Philippines and destroyed the Spanish fleet.

The Rough Riders

What was the volunteer cavalry unit that fought in a famous land battle near Santiago, Cuba.

San Juan Hill

What was the name of the important battle won by the volunteer cavalry, the Rough Riders?

1898

What year did the Spanish surrender to the United States in Cuba?

Treaty of Paris

What was the treaty that ended the Spanish-American War?

Cuba

What country gained its independence in the Spanish-American War.

1. Puerto Rico

2. Guam

3. the Philippines

What three territories did the United States gain from the war with Spain?

Puerto Rico was made a U.S. territory following the Spanish-American War.

Which statement accurately characterizes the political situation of Puerto Rico following the Spanish-American War?

To protect the Puerto Ricans

What was the reason given by the commanding officer for the American presence in Puerto Rico?

U.S. military officials viewed Puerto Ricans as inferior and imposed restrictions on their personal freedom.

Which of the following is a true statement regarding the relationship between U.S. military officials and Puerto Ricans after the Spanish-American War?

They began to resent the military government

How did many Puerto Ricans feel about the military government after the Spanish-American War?

Ended military rule and established a civil government in Puerto Rico

What did the Foraker Act do in regards to Puerto Rico?

1917

In what year did Congress make Puerto Ricans U.S. citizens?

To limit Cuba's rights in dealing with other countries

Why did the United States insist on adding the Platt Amendment to the Cuban Constitution?

It became officially independent

What happened to Cuba after the Spanish-American War?

To maintain its own economic interests in Cuba

Why did the United States insist on having special rights in Cuba?

A country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger power

Cuba became a protectorate. What is a protectorate?

Emilio Aguinaldo

Who was the rebel leader who started the rebellion against the United States?

Annexed them as a U.S. territory

What did the United States do with the Philippine Islands after the Spanish-American War?

to gain independence

What did the Filipinos want from the United States?

The United States set up a government similar to the one it had set up in Cuba.

What was the outcome of the rebellion?

He thought the United States had betrayed the Filipinos.

What was Emilio Aguinaldo's opinion of the United States after the rebellion?

Economic trade

What was the United States' interest in China?

The Open Door notes

What was the name of the policy statement sent by U.S. Secretary of State John Hay to other countries?

To keep them open for all countries to trade freely

What did the Open Door notes call for in regards to China's ports?

1. He wanted China's ports to remain open for trade and for China to remain independent.

2. He didn't want any countries to have special trading rights over China.

Why did Secretary of State John Hay issue the Open Door notes?

Boxer Rebellion

What was the name of the secret society that rebelled against Western influence in China?

The Boxers were defeated by troops from Western countries

What was the outcome of the Boxer Rebellion in 1900?

Imperialism was popular and most Americans were in favor of it

What did McKinley's reelection show about American attitudes toward imperialism?

Japan and Russia signed a treaty and Roosevelt received the Nobel Peace Prize

What was the result of President Roosevelt's mediation efforts in the Russo-Japanese War?

Imperialism

What policy did Theodore Roosevelt continue after becoming president?

President Roosevelt used his influence to build the Panama Canal.

What statement accurately describes President Roosevelt's role in building the Panama Canal?

To cut travel time for military and commercial ships

What was the main purpose of building the Panama Canal?

They helped Panama gain independence from Colombia and then negotiated a treaty with Panama

How did the United States get permission to build the canal in Panama?

10 years

How long did it take to complete the construction of the Panama Canal?

The United States had the right to intervene in Latin American countries to protect U.S. business interests

President Roosevelt wanted the United States to be the major power in the Caribbean and Central America. What did the Roosevelt Corollary state?

A policy that relied on economic power and financial influence to advance American foreign policy goals

What best describes Dollar Diplomacy?

1. Undemocratic governments

2. Oppressive governments

3. Governments opposed to U.S. business interests

According to President Wilson's doctrine, Missionary Diplomacy, what kind of governments would the United States NOT officially recognize?

Because it came to power through violence

Why did Woodrow Wilson refuse to recognize the Huerta government in Mexico?

Pancho Villa

The Huerta regime soon collapsed and Carranza, a nationalist leader, became president in 1915 but like others before him, he did not have the support of all Mexicans. Who was the Mexican revolutionary leader who led a rebellion against Carranza and killed Americans?

John J Pershing

Who led American forces into Mexico in pursuit of a Mexican revolutionary leader whose rebels killed Americans.

1. To battle the Huerta government which came into power through violence

2. To attempt to capture Pancho Villa whose rebels killed Americans.

Why did President Wilson send troops into Mexico?

That the US was willing to protect its economic interests abroad

What did American intervention in Mexico show?

1. To expand its access to foreign markets

2. To build a modern navy in order to protect interests over seas

3. To use international police power to get its way in Latin America

What was the main foreign policy goal of the United States in the early 20th century?