Unit 1 Bio Test

What is an Ionic Bond?

metal and non-metal

What is a Covalent Bond?

two non-metals

What is a Polar bond?

shared unequally, different charges, covalent

What is a Non Polar bond?

shared equally, same charges, covalent. Always when two same non metals

What is a hydrogen bond?

strong bond when hydrogen is bonded with N, O, or F, significantly stronger than ionic or covalent bonds

What polymer is this?

Carbohydrates (monomer monosaccharide)

What polymer is this?

Lipids (fat) (monomer fatty acid)

What polymer is this?

Nucleic Acid (monomer nucleotide)

What polymer is this?

Protein (monomer amino acids)

What is this?

Hydrolysis

What is this?

Dehydration Synthesis

What is hydrolysis?

Where polymers break down into monomers. Adds water to break apart

What is dehydration synthesis?

Joins together monomers into polymers. Removes water to join together

What are some characteristics of life?

Have Cells, Homeostasis, Evolve, Reproduce, Obtain/use Energy

What do lipids do?

long term energy storage, cell membrane, cell communication

What does nucleic acids do?

genetic material, DNA/RNA

What do carbohydrates do?

quick energy source

What do proteins do?

movement, hormones, transport, growth, signalling

What did we use to test lipids?

oil

What did we use to test simple carbohydrates?

glucose

What did we use to test complex carbohydrates?

starch

What did we use to test protein?

gelatin

What functional group is this?

Hydroxyl Group (-OH) An oxygen atom covalently bonded to a hydrogen atom

What functional group is this?

Phosphate (-PO4) One central phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms

What functional group is this?

Amino Group (-NH2) A nitrogen atom single-bonded to two hydrogen atoms and the carbon skeleton.

What functional group is this?

Carboxyl Group (-COOH) A carbon double-bonded to an oxygen and single-bonded to a hydroxyl group.

What are the most common elements found in living things?

C, H, O, N

What organisms do both prokaryotes and eukaryotes share?

Cell wall, cell membrane, ribosomes, DNA, cytoplasm

What organelles are unique to plant cells?

Cell wall, chloropasts

What organelles are unique to animal cells?

Lysosomes, centrioles

What do ribosomes do?

Make proteins

What do lysosomes do?

break down excess or worn-out cell parts

What does Rough ER do?

with ribosomes and synthesizes and folds proteins

What does Smooth ER do?

synthesizing lipids, phospholipids and detoxifies drugs

What does golgi apparatus do?

modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids from er

What do centrioles do?

organelles made of microtubules that organize the cell skeleton

What are partial positive and partial negative charges?

caused by the unequal sharing of electrons in a polar covalent bond

Partial positive charge

The atom with the lower electronegativity loses some electron density, leaving its positive nucleus more exposed and creating a slight positive charge

Partial negative charge

The atom with the higher electronegativity gets a greater share of negative electron density, giving it a slight negative charge.

What bond is this?

Nonpolar Covalent Bond

What bond is this?

Polar covalent bond & hydrogen bonds

What bond is this?

ionic bonds