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Thinking
The mental process of manipulating information to form concepts, solve problems, make decisions, and reflect, involving conscious processing of information.
Processes involved in thinking
Perception, attention, memory retrieval, problem-solving, decision-making, and language use.
Concrete thinking
Thinking focused on physical objects and facts, such as understanding that a heart is a physical organ.
Abstract thinking
Thinking about ideas, principles, and complex concepts, such as interpreting a heart as a symbol of love.
Critical thinking
Using logic and sound judgment to analyze situations and solve problems, like try jump-starting a car before calling a mechanic.
Creative thinking
Generating new and original ideas or solutions, such as producing an invention.
Convergent thinking
Narrowing down possibilities to find a single best solution to a well-defined problem using logical and analytical reasoning, as in standardized tests.
Divergent thinking
Generating many different ideas and possibilities in a free-flowing, unstructured manner, encouraging exploration rather than focusing on one correct answer.
Stages of Creativity
Preparation (gathering information), incubation (stepping away to let unconscious mind work), illumination ("aha" moment realization), and verification (evaluation and refinement of the idea).
Types of Creativity
Big-C creativity involves genius-level, culture-changing ideas; Pro-C is professional-level creativity with consistent creative work; Little-c is everyday problem-solving and expression; Mini-c is personal creativity constructing individual knowledge and meaning.