BIO 211 Test 4 Study Guide Flashcards (copy)

What is the primary function of the urinary system?

Cleansing the blood and ridding the body of wastes.

What are the secondary functions of the urinary system?

pH regulation, blood pressure regulation, erythrocyte concentration regulation, and vitamin D synthesis.

What is the normal color of urine?

Generally yellow, varying in degree and clarity.

What does freshly voided urine smell like?

It has no particular odor unless affected by certain ingredients; stale urine smells of ammonia.

What is the pH range of urine?

Generally acidic, ranging from 4.5 to 8.0.

Name one urine abnormality.

Higher than trace protein levels.

What is the male urethra's function?

Passes urine and receives semen and other reproductive secretions.

How long is the male urethra on average?

Averages 7.5 inches.

What is the primary function of the kidneys?

Filtration of blood and production of urine.

What is the pathway of blood through the kidneys?

Descending Abdominal Aorta → Renal Artery → Segmental Artery → Interlobar Artery → Arcuate Artery → Cortical Radiate (Interlobular) Artery → Afferent Arteriole → Glomerular Capillaries → Efferent Arteriole → Peritubular Capillaries/Vasa Recta → Cortical Radiate (Interlobular) Vein → Arcuate Vein → Interlobar Vein → Renal Vein → Inferior Vena Cava → Right Atrium of Heart.

What hormone promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys?

ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone).

What organ is responsible for producing testosterone in males?

Testes.

What is the function of the seminal vesicles in males?

Secrete 60% of semen and add fructose to seminal fluid.

What are the essential organs of the female reproductive system?

Ovaries.

What is the role of the uterus in the female reproductive system?

Provides a place for embryo and fetus development.

What is the effect of estrogen on the endometrium?

Promotes growth of the uterine lining.

What hormone is produced by the corpus luteum?

Progesterone.

What is the function of the adrenal gland?

Produces hormones such as epinephrine and norepinephrine.

What is the role of the pancreas?

Exocrine function related to digestion and endocrine function related to hormone production.

What is one effect of the parathyroid hormone?

Raises blood calcium levels.