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What is hydro halogenation?
The Addition of H & Br across an alkene (Also works with HCl, HBr, HI)
Follows Markovnikov Addition unless in Peroxide
Racemic Mixture
What is Acid Catalyzed Hydration?
Components of Water (H & OH) added acros π bond
Follows Markovnikov Addition
Racemic Mixture
What other acids are used in Acid Catalyzed Hydration?
H3O+
H2SO4/H2O
H+/H2O
What is Oxymecuration-Demurcuration?
The use of mercury acetate to prevent rearrangements in addition of H & OH
Can be Markovnikov Addition & Anti-markovnikov Addition
No rearrangement-Occurs
Arranged in Anti-Fashion
What is Hydroboration-Oxidation?
Utilizing one BH3 with three equivalent alkenes to add H&OH in a stereoselective fashion
Follows Antimarkovnikov Addition
H & OH are added in SYn Fashion, 2 Chiral centers formed
What is Catalytic Hydrogention?
The use of a metal catalyst to add two H’s (H2) across an alkene
Syn addition only
What type of metals are used in a Catalytic Hydrogenation?
Pb
Ni
Rh
Pd/C
What is the Hydrohalogenation Anti-Markovnikov?
The addition of a H and Halogen in an Anti Markovnikov fashion.
What is Hydrohalogenation Benzene Exception?
Bronsted acids do not cross a C=C bond in benzene
The π electrons that would be used to form a new bond to H are too heavily stabilized by delocation
What is an Anti Dihydroxylation?
Anti addition of OH & Oh across a π bond
Telltale sign of reaction is peroxyacetic acid or meta-chloroperoxybenzoix acid (MCPBA)
What is an Anti-addition Halogenation?
Anti addition of teo halogen atoms across a C=C double bond
only practical with Br2 and Cl2
Stereospecific
What is a Halohydrin Formation?
Water acts as nucelophile that attacks the brominium ion
Only occurs in water
Nucleophile attacks more substituted carbon & opposite brominium ion.
What are other possible nucleophiles in Halohydrin Formation?
Alcohols
Amines
Thiols
What is syn Dihydroxylation?
Adds OH & OH across π bond in concerted fashion
Syn addition
Requires oxidant: NMO or Peroxide
What is Ozonolysis?
Ozone adds across double bond & cleaves alkene to form Carbonyls
What are the products of an Oxidative Ozonolysis Workup?
Peroxide create Ketones and Carboxylic Acid
What are the products of a reductive Ozonolysis Workup?
Anything other than Peroxide creates Ketones and Aldehydes.
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What is the following intermediate come from?
Halogenation or Halohydrin Mechanism
What is the following intermediate come from?
Anti Dihydroxyaltion
What is the following intermediate come from?
Oxymercuration Demercuration
What is the following intermediate come from?
Hydroboration Oxidation
What is the following intermediate come from?
Syn Dihydroxylation
What is the following intermediate come from?
Ozonolysis cyclo-addition Intermediate