METABOLIC PATHWAYS

ATP

used to conserve energy from an energy source

reducing power

molecules that serve as a ready supply of electrons for chemical reactions

precursor metabolites

provide carbon skeleton for biosynthesis of monomers

how does ATP affect energy

provides energy for cellular processes

how does ATP affect growth

powers the building of new cell components

how does ATP affect transport

helps move substances across the cell membrane

how does ATP affect movement

powers structures like flagella

how does ATP affect biosynthesis

provides energy to make proteins, DNA, lipids, and other molecules

what does 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG) synthesize

serine, glycine, and cysteine

what does phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) synthesize

aromatic amino acids via shikimate pathway

what does pyruvate synthesize

alanine, valine, and leucine

what does ribose-5-phosphate (R5P) synthesize

nucleotide and nucleic acids

what does erythrose-4-phosphate (E4P) synthesize

aromatic amino acids

embden-meyerhof pathway (EMP)

yields 2 ATP and 2NADH

etner-duodroff pathway (EDP)

yields 1ATP, 1NADH, and 1 NADPH

is EDP used by gram-negative or gram-positive bacteria

gram-negative

pentose phosphate pathway (PPP)

yields 1 ATP and 2NADPH

is glucose metabolism required for bacteria

no

what can glucose do

produces intermediates that can be used to make amino acids, nucleotides, and cellular components

what does glucose metabolism provide

carbon, electrons, and energy

sugars that have been oxidized

sugar acids

what does it mean for a sugar to be oxidized

one of their functional groups haas been converted into a carboxylic acid group

thin layer of soil directly surrounding plant roots, where roots release nutrients and interact with bacteria and other microorganisms

rhizosphere

what do plant roots release into the rhizosphere

exudates

takes up glucose and oxidizes it into gluconate

pseudomonas bacteria

can be taken up by the same bacterium or neighoring bacteria for metabolism

gluconate

metabolic hub that can be used to produce energy, make acetyl-CoA, and generate metabolic intermediates

pyruvate

what is needed to synthesize amino acids and other cellular molecules

carbon skeletons

uses ETC and a final exogenous electron acceptor

respiration

uses an endogenous organic electron acceptor

fermentation

what does respiration and fermentation regenerate

NAD+ and NADPH

final electron acceptor is oxygen

aerobic respiration

final electron acceptor is a different oxidized molecule

anaerobic respiration

what is generated as electrons pass through the ETC to help synthesize ATP

proton motive force (PMF)

how is ATP synthesized in fermentation

by substrate-level phosphorylation