m7 (1/infitinity never ends) - upper GI disorders

GERD

gastroesophageal reflux disease

development of GERD

stomach contents come back into the esophagus due to the lower esophageal sphincter relaxing or gastroparesis

gastroparesis

slowed emptying of the stomach

clinical manifestations of GERD

heartburn, dyspepsia

dyspepsia

indigestion

frequent gastric reflux can cause _______

esophagitis

esophagitis

swelling and inflammatory irritation of the esophagus

conditions long-term esophagitis can lead to

• fibrosis

• precancerous lesions

factors increasing likelihood of gastroesophageal reflux

• infancy

• increased intra-abodminal pressure form obesity or pregnancy

• certain foods

  • fatty foods

  • caffeine

  • alcohol

individuals with lupus have more problems with GERD because of…

connective tissue problems

peptic ulcer disease

breakdown in the mucosal lining of the lower esophagus, stomach, or duodenum

manifestations peptic ulcer disease lead to

epigastric pain

nausea

vomiting

hematemesis

complication of peptic ulcer disease where there is vomiting of blood (bright red or coffee ground)

melena

black foul-smelling stool

perforation in peptic ulcer disease

ulcer eroding a digestive organ’s wall and allowing contents to enter the peritoneum

penetration in peptic ulcer disease

ulcer erodes into another organ (ex/ liver)

gastic/duodenal outlet obstruction

components protecting the stomach from acid

• bicarbonate

• layer of mucous

describe the process of the body causing an ulcer

2 types of peptic ulcers

• gastric

• duodenal

ulcer type affecting older people (55-65)

gastric ulcer

gastric ulcers

• common or uncommon

• major causes

more uncommon than duodenal ulcers

causes:

• h. pylori

• chronic NSAID use

manifestations of gastric ulcers

frequent pain immediately after eating, and intermittent pain in the epigastric region

duodenal ulcer

• common or uncommon

• major causes

• more common in younger people (males)

causes

• H. pylori infection

• chronic SNAID use

clinical manifestations of duodenal ulcers

• pain after 2-3 hrs after eating

• chronic intermittent pain in epigastric area

peptic ulcer treatment

eradicate H. pylori with antibiotics reducing acidity

antibiotic types that reduce acidity of peptic ulcers

• antacids (calcium carbonate)

• proton pump inhibitors

• H2 receptor antagonists