2. Back Region

vertebral body

Pedicle

Lamina

Spinous process

Transverse process

Superior articular process

Inferior articular process

Vertebral (spinal) canal

Intervertebral foramen

Dens

Posterior ramus

Anterior spinal artery

Vertebral artery

Foramen transversarium

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Posterior longitudinal ligament

Ligamentum flavum

Ligamentum nuchae

Transverse ligament of atlas

Alar ligament

Thoracolumbar fascia

Trapezius

Latissimus dorsi

Levator scapulae

Rhomboid major

Rhomboid minor

Splenius capitis

Iliocostalis (lumborum, thoracis, cervicis)

Longissimus

Spinalis (thoracis, cervicis, capitis)

Semispinalis (thoracis, cervicis, capitis)

Multifidus

Quadratus lumborum

Rectus capitis posterior major

Obliquus capitis inferior

Conus medullaris

Cauda equina

Anterior (ventral) root

Posterior (dorsal) root

Spinal (dorsal root) ganglion

Anterior ramus

Azygos vein