Chapter 6 PSY-108

flashcards are from lecture notes and things to know from professor C

what ages are considered early childhood?

ages 3-6

how tall and heavy is the average 3 year old?

35 inches tall, 30 lbs

how tall and heavy is the average 6 year old?

45 inches tall, 45 lbs

when do children have all 20 baby teeth?

by age 3

when do children get their 32 permanent teeth?

between ages 6-13 

about how many kids under 10 need medical attention yearly?

about one-third

what are common childhood injuries?

falls, being struck. bitten, or cut

what are common causes of accidental death in the USA

car crashes, drowning, fires, burns, and poisoning

what’s the leading cause of death for kids ages 1-4?

drowning

what are other major causes of death in early childhood?

cancer, birth defects, homicide, and respiratory

what’s the best thing you can spend on a child?

time

what two main traits define parenting styles?

demandingness and responsiveness

describe authoritarian parenting

high demandingness, low responsiveness, strict rules, little warmth, “because I say so”

describe permissive (indulgent) parenting

low demandingness, high responsiveness, few rules, warm and friendly, child makes own choices

describe disengaged (indifferent) parenting

low demandingness, low responsiveness, uninvolved, little affection or structure

describe authoritative parenting

high demandingness, high responsiveness, clear rules, discusses and explains, age appropriate choices 

what makes a preschool high quality?

trained teachers, safe and clean environment, small classes, play-based learning, emotional support

what does not make a preschool high quality?

harsh discipline, too much drilling, overcrowded rooms, poor supervision

what is emotional overcontrol?

too much self-restraint, often leads to internalizing problems, like anxiety and sadness 

what is emotional undercontol?

too little self-restraint, often leads to externalizing problems (aggression, defiance)

what does gender refer to?

social roles and expectations for being male or female

what does “sex” refer to?

biological differences, like anatomy, chromosomes

what is gender identity? 

how a person identifies themselves; boy, girl, both, neither