polyatomic ions

NH₄⁺

Ammonium

OH⁻

Hydroxide

NO₃⁻

Nitrate

NO₂⁻

nitrite

SO₄²⁻

Sulfate

SO₃²⁻

Sulfite

CO₃²⁻

Carbonate

PO₄³⁻

Phosphate

MnO₄⁻

Permanganate

CrO₄²⁻

Chromate

Hypothesis

Testable proposed explanation/prediction

Experiment

Procedure used to test a hypothesis

Scientific Law

Describes WHAT consistently happens

Theory/Model

Explains WHY observations happen

Definition

States what a term means

kilo (k)

10³

centi ( c)

10^-2

milli (m)

10^-3

micro (μ)

10^-6

nano (n)

10^-9p

pico (p)

10^-12

Celcius → Kelvin

K = C + 273.15

Systematic error

Consistent error in the same direction

Random error

Unpredictable variation above/below actual value

Extensive Propoerty

Depends on amount of matter

(Ex: Mass, Volume, Length, Total Energy, Weight) I

Intensive Property

Not depend on amount of matter

(Ex: Density, Temperature, Melting Point, Color, Pressure)

Proton

+1 Charge; located in nucleus

Neutron

0 charge; located in nucleusE

Electron

-1 charge; outside nucleus

Atomic Number

= protons

Mass Number

Protons + Neutrons

Neutrons

Mass Number - Atomic Number

Ion Charge Equation

Protons - Electrons

Group 1 Charge

+1

Group 2 Charge

+2

Group 6 Charge

-2

Group 7 Charge

-1

Ionic Compound Charge

0

Subscript means

Number of atoms/ion

Superscript means

Charge

Ionic Compound Naming

Cation first, then anion

Monatomic anion ending

Change ending to -ide

Do ionic compounds use mono-, di-, tri-?

No

Roman numeral in ionic name

Metal’s Charge

Na₂O

Sodium Oxide

FeCl₃

iron(III) chloride

MgSO₄

Magnesium Sulfate