HIstory IDsThe Columbian Exchange: The large-scale transfer of crops, animals, people, and disease between the Americas and Afro-Eurasia, a concept coined by historian Alfred Crosby; The Protestant Reformation: The religious movement that fractured Wester

The Columbian Exchange

The large-scale transfer of crops, animals, people, and disease between the Americas and Afro-Eurasia, a concept coined by historian Alfred Crosby

The Protestant Reformation

The religious movement that fractured Western Christianity into competing Catholic and Protestant camps

The Great Migration

A wave of roughly 20,000 English Puritans who emigrated to New England

The House of Burgesses

The first representative legislative assembly in English North America

The Stono Rebellion

The largest slave uprising in North America before the Revolution

John Winthrop

The first governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony

The Anglo-Powhatan Wars

Conflicts between English Virginia and the Powhatan Confederacy

Cortés and the Fall of Tenochtitlan / La Noche Triste

Led the Spanish conquest of the Aztec (Mexica) empire and its capital, Tenochtitlan

Roanoke, the "Lost Colony"

England's first colonization attempt in North America

Jamestown's "Starving Time"

The famine that nearly destroyed the English colony

The Virginia Company and the Joint-Stock Model

The commercial enterprise that funded and governed the settlement

The Headright System

Virginia's land-grant program for attracting settlers and labor

Indentured Servitude

The main labor system of the seventeenth-century Chesapeake, supplying most workers before slavery became dominant

Mercantilism and the Navigation Acts

The economic theory that colonies existed to enrich the mother country, enforced through parliamentary trade statutes

Tobacco and the Chesapeake Plantation Economy

The cash crop that became the engine of the entire regional economy

The Transition from Servitude to Racial Slavery

The shift in Chesapeake labor from bonded European workers to enslaved Africans

The Triangular / Atlantic Trade

The commercial network linking Europe, West Africa, and the Americas

Massachusetts Bay and Puritan New England Society

The northern settlement built around church-centered towns

William Penn and Pennsylvania (the Middle Colonies)

The Quaker proprietor who founded a Middle Colony as a religious refuge

Carolina, Rice, and the Barbados Slave Society

Became a crop-based plantation society modeled directly on the island's slave economy.

PNG

+ 4