1.3

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary terms related to statistics, including definitions and key concepts from the provided lecture notes.

Statistic

A numerical summary of data.

Mean

The average value of a dataset, calculated by summing all observations and dividing by the number of observations.

Median

The midpoint of a distribution, where half of the observations are smaller and half are larger.

Quartiles

Values that divide a dataset into four equal parts; includes Q1 (25th percentile), Q2 (50th percentile; median), and Q3 (75th percentile).

Interquartile Range (IQR)

The distance between the first (Q1) and third quartile (Q3), IQR = Q3 - Q1.

Outlier

An observation that falls more than 1.5 times the IQR above the third quartile or below the first quartile.

Five-Number Summary

A summary of a dataset that includes the minimum, Q1, median (M), Q3, and maximum.

Standard Deviation

A measure of the spread or dispersion of a set of observations, indicating how much the values deviate from the mean.

Variance

The average of the squared differences from the mean, representing the spread of data points.

Robust Statistic

A statistic that is not greatly influenced by outliers or small changes in the dataset.