gangs

What are some social material incentives used by gangs to motivate violence among their members?

Cash, food, weapons, and sexual partners.

How do group leaders use material rewards in relation to gang participation?

As both incentives (positive reinforcement) and punishments (negative reinforcement) to encourage violence.

What sense does gang membership provide to individuals?

A sense of identity and brotherhood.

What are the consequences of refusing to participate in gang violence?

Social rejection or outcasting.

What does the Ash study demonstrate regarding gang dynamics?

The desire to conform to avoid being outcasted.

How can rivalry between gangs lead to preemptive violence?

Increased perceptions of threat from rival gangs lead members to engage in violence to protect their turf.

What new challenges do individuals face when trying to leave a gang?

Exiting a gang can be particularly difficult due to the strong group dynamics and loyalty.

How has social media impacted the dynamics of gang violence?

Social media provides new incentives for gang violence and creates avenues for perpetuating violence.

What psychological effects can online gang violence have on individuals?

Feelings of humiliation and shame, leading to damage to self-worth and identity.

In what way does social media change the perception of everyday violence?

It turns everyday violence into a dramatic, lasting spectacle, affecting individuals and relationships.

What risk does online interaction create in terms of violence?

Retaliatory violence may spill over from online interactions into real-life confrontations.