History: Ancient Greeks

Crete

Island in the Mediterranean where the Minoans lived

Linear A

Minoan writing system

Knossos

palace center for the Minoans

Mycenae

Center city for the Mycenaeans

Linear B

Mycenaeans writing system

Homer

Greek poet known for the Iliad and the odyssey

arete

characteristics of Greek heroes; manliness, courage, excellence

greek dark ages

1100 to 750 BCE

archaic greece

800 to 479 BCE

classical greece

479 to 336 BCE

Macedonian king and Hellenistic Greece

336 to 31 BCE

polis

independent city states

agora

marketplace, center of public discourse

hoplite

what the stereotypical greek soldier looks like

phalanx

when the stand shoulder to shoulder shields in front of them

gynaeceum

women’s quarters

helots

serfs

Sappho of Lesbos

female poet well regarded for her craft and emotionally charged poems

oracles

people who could interpret the divine will of gods

Themistocles

Athenian statesman persuades city to construct large navy, can do this because of the geography

Xerxes I

inherits as Persian ruler after the death of his father

Artemisia of Caria

female naval commander

Battle of Plataea

Final land battle between Greeks and Persians, Largest Greek force, possible by an alliance of Greek city-states, Incl. Athens, Sparta, Corinth, etc.

Herodotus

Known as "Father of History"

Battle of Plataea

Greek coalition defeats Persia

Pericles

advises Athens to avoid land battle against Spartans; instead, keep to strength (sea)

Peace of Nicias

Temporary peace

Mytilene

city on island of Lesbos, rebels against Athenian control

Battle of Aegospotami

Naval battle between Athens and Sparta (Sparta learns to swim), Spartan fleet led by commander Lysander, Results in Spartan victory

Hellenistic

Greek like

solon

who is: Athenian salesman, makes council of 400, created assembly,

cleisthenes

who is: Athenian, father of democracy, council of 500,

sparta

which greek city state had a big emphasis on military?

they were landlocked so they had a huge fear of invasions

why did sparta have a huge emphasis on military

Miletus

in the ionion revolution what greek city state revolts against persia

Darius I

who leads persia during the first persian invasion

First Persian Invasion

what invasion was this: Darius I, invaded greece bc revenge, expansion, and to deter any future revolts, invade by sea

Battle of Marathon

What battle is this: Athens vs Persia, Athenian victory, Athenian general Miltiades uses hoplite charge

halts Persian advance, forces Persia to abandon invasion and regroup

what is the significance of the battle of marathon

Themistocles

who persuade Athens to build large navy